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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 properties of an ideal disinfectant
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*be killers of all organisms including viruses
*Not be poisonous or irritating to humans or animals *be odorless and tasteless *be soluble in water *stable *inexpensive |
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how to alkalies and acids have an effect
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by release of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions respectively
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enzymes are extremely sensitive to ___ and are inactivated by ___ ______.
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pH
pH Extremes |
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Alcohols are used as
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skin antiseptics
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Alcohols are effective at what concentration?
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50-70%
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Do alcohols effectively kill spores or viruses?
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no
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What is phenol
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carboxylic acid
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What is phenol used for?
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surface sterilization
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How does phenol work?
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coagulation and damaging plasma membranes
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What is an effective antistaphylococcal antiseptic available by prescription?
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hexachlorophene
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what is the phenol coefficient?
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the strength of a disinfectant in relation to phenol
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the primary halogens are
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chlorine and iodine
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Iodine and chlorine are lethal to
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all kinds bacteria, fungi and viruses through inactivation of proteins
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what is a tinture of iodine?
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1-2% iodine in alcohol
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iodine reacts with ______ _____ inactivates proteins.
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hydroxyl groups
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What are iodophors?
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organic compounds that release iodine slowly
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When chlorine gas reacts with water what 2 compounds are formed?
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hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid (HCL)
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HCL and H202 are both strong _____ wich kill microbials
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oxidants
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household bleach is made up of what?
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5.25% sodium hypochlorite
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Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are _______ agents
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alkylating
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Why are aldehydes limited?
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kill all forms of life but have noxious vapors
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how do aldehydes work?
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reacts with amine, sulfhydryl, and carboxyl groups of proteins to inactivate them
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why are heavy metals effective as antimicrobial agents
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ability to precipitate proteins
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heavy metals are primarily bactericidal
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true
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how are soaps different from detergent
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they are potassium or sodium salts of higher fatty acid content
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What are the three types of detergents?
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anionic
cationic nonionic |
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quaternary ammonium compound effective against bacteria and fungi are part of which type of detergent?
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cationic
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Gases are effective against which forms of life?
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all
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why are gases effective against all forms of life?
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because of their ability to penetrate in a closed system
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name 3 common gases
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ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and beta-propiolactone
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What are iodophors?
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organic compounds that release iodine slowly
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When chlorine gas reacts with water what 2 compounds are formed?
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hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid (HCL)
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HCL and H202 are both strong _____ wich kill microbials
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oxidants
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household bleach is made up of what?
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5.25% sodium hypochlorite
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Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are _______ agents
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alkylating
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Why are aldehydes limited?
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kill all forms of life but have noxious vapors
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how do aldehydes work?
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reacts with amine, sulfhydryl, and carboxyl groups of proteins to inactivate them
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why are heavy metals effective as antimicrobial agents
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ability to precipitate proteins
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heavy metals are primarily bactericidal
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true
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how are soaps different from detergent
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they are potassium or sodium salts of higher fatty acid content
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What are the three types of detergents?
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anionic
cationic nonionic |
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quaternary ammonium compound effective against bacteria and fungi are part of which type of detergent?
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cationic
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Gases are effective against which forms of life?
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all
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why are gases effective against all forms of life?
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because of their ability to penetrate in a closed system
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name 3 common gases
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ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and beta-propiolactone
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What are iodophors?
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organic compounds that release iodine slowly
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|
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When chlorine gas reacts with water what 2 compounds are formed?
|
hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid (HCL)
|
|
|
HCL and H202 are both strong _____ wich kill microbials
|
oxidants
|
|
|
household bleach is made up of what?
|
5.25% sodium hypochlorite
|
|
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Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are _______ agents
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alkylating
|
|
|
Why are aldehydes limited?
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kill all forms of life but have noxious vapors
|
|
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how do aldehydes work?
|
reacts with amine, sulfhydryl, and carboxyl groups of proteins to inactivate them
|
|
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why are heavy metals effective as antimicrobial agents
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ability to precipitate proteins
|
|
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heavy metals are primarily bactericidal
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true
|
|
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how are soaps different from detergent
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they are potassium or sodium salts of higher fatty acid content
|
|
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What are the three types of detergents?
|
anionic
cationic nonionic |
|
|
quaternary ammonium compound effective against bacteria and fungi are part of which type of detergent?
|
cationic
|
|
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Gases are effective against which forms of life?
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all
|
|
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why are gases effective against all forms of life?
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because of their ability to penetrate in a closed system
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name 3 common gases
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ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and beta-propiolactone
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which gas is udsed as a food preservative?
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sulfur dioxide
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H202 is a ____ antiseptic.
It is used against ______ bacteria |
mild
anaerobic |
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crystal violet, carbon fuschin, and eosin methylene blue are _____ for _____ bacteria only
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bacteriostatic
gram positive |
