Chemical Compounds In Cells

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element

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is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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compound

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two or more elements that are chemically combined.

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organic compound

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most compounds that contain carbon.

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Important groups of organic compounds

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1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleic acids

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Inorganic compound

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compounds that do not contain the element carbon.

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carbohydrate

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is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Sugars and starches are examples.

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lipids

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are energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Fats, oils and waxes are examples.

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proteins

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large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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amino acid

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a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids.

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enzyme

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a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.

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nucleic acids

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are very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
Two kinds--DNA and RNA.

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DNA

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the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.

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RNA

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a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.

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Role of water

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-most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water.
-helps cells keep their size and shape.
-helps keep temperature of cells from changing rapidly.
-plays important role in carrying substances into and out of cells.