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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pure substance
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made up of one particular kind of matter. constant composition.
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mixture
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a non-pure substance. made of variable composition
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molecule of an element
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made of one or more of the same kind of atom.
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molecule of a compound
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made of 2 or more different kinds of atoms.
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monatomic molecules
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Na- sodium
C- carbon Cu- copper Pb- lead |
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diatomic molecules
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H2- hydrogen
O2- oxygen N2- nitrogen F2- fluorine Cl2- chlorine Br2- bromine I2- iodine |
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polyatomic molecules
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S8- Sulfur
P4- Phosphorus |
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What does the mnemonic device "Have no fear of ice cold beer" stand for"?
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The diatomic elements:
Have- hydrogen no- nitrogen fear- fluorine of- oxygen ice- iodine cold- chlorine beer- bromine |
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3 ways to separate a mixture
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filtration
distillation chromatography |
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homogeneous mixture
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ex. air and solutions
evenly mixed throughout |
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heterogeneous mixture
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ex. gasoline and water or sand and water.
will never mix. "phase boundary" |
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colloidal suspension
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heterogeneous mixture that looks homogeneous.
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law of constant composition
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a compound always has a definite composition by weight and by number of atoms.
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element
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something you cannot breat down into anything simpler
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compund
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something that can be broken down into something simpler.
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atom
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smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of an element
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hydrogen
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H
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helium
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He
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lithium
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Li
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beryllium
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Be
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boron
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B
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carbon
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C
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nitrogen
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N
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oxygen
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O
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fluorine
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F
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fluorine
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F
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Neon
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Ne
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sodium
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Na
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magnesium
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Mg
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aluminum
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Al
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silicon
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Si
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phosphorus
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P
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sulfer
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S
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chlorine
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Cl
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argon
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Ar
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potassium
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K
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calcium
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Ca
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Manganese
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Mn
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Iron
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Fe
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Cobalt
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Co
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Nickel
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Ni
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Copper
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Cu
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Zinc
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Zn
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Bromine
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Br
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Krypton
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Kr
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Silver
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Ag
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Cadmium
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Cd
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Tin
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Sn
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Iodine
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I
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Barium
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Ba
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Mercury
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Hg
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Lead
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Pb
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Bismuth
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Bi
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antimony
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Sb
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Chromium
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Cr
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law of multiple proportions
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atoms of two or more elements may combine in more than one ratio to form more than one compound.
ex. CO CO2 |
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atoms can be broken down into what?
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electrons, protons, and neutrons
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where are protons and neutrons found
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the nucleus of the atom
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where are electrons found
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orbits around the nucleus of the atom
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mass number of an atom=
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the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom in amu
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round off atomic weight to the nearest whole number to find the_____
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mass number
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and the number of electrons in the energy levels around the nucleus.
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# protons=
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# electrons
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principal quantum number
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the number of major energy levels surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
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major energy levels
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K, L, M, N, O
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stable number of electrons in the K shell (major energy level 1)
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2
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stable number of electrons in the L shell (major energy level 2)
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8
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stable number of electrons in the M shell (major energy level 3)
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8
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maximum number of electrons in major energy level 1
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2
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max # electrons in major energy level 2
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8
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max # electrons in major energy level 3
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18
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max # electrons in major energy level 4
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32
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order of sub-shell filling
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1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
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