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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? |
Electrons in the outer energy level |
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What are electrons in the outer energy level called? |
Valence Electrons |
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What are ions? |
Charged particles |
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What are two types of ions? |
positively charged ions (cations) negatively charged ions (anions) |
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How does an atom develop a charge? |
It either gains or loses electrons |
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Describe what happens during ionic bonding. |
One atom gives electrons to another atom, then one is positive and one is negative so they are attracted to eachother |
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Ionic Bonding occurs between which types of elements? |
Non-metals and Metals |
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What types of elements lose electrons? |
Metals |
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Which type of elements gain electrons? |
Non-Metals |
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What are the properties of ionic compounds? |
High melting points High boiling points Hard, brittle solids at room temperature Form crystals Poor conductors Dissolve easily in water |
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What happens during Covalent Bonding? |
Two or more atoms share valence electrons to have a complete set of valence electrons |
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Covalent Bonding occurs between which types of elements? |
Non-Metals |
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What is the smallest particle in a covalent compound? |
Molecule |
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What are properties of covalent compounds? |
Low melting points Low boiling points Poor conductors Do not dissolve easily in water Brittle solids |
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Describe what happens during metallic bonding? |
The outermost energy levels of atoms overlap, allowing the valence electrons to move freely throughout the metal |
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Metallic Bonding occurs between which types of elements? |
Metals |
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Where are metals located on the periodic table? |
To the left of the zig-zag line |
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Where are metalloids located on the periodic table? |
Along the zig-zag line |
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Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? |
To the right of the zig-zag line |
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Which group of elements will most likely react with alkali metals? |
17 / Halogens |
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What are group 1 elements called? |
Alkali Metals |
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What are group 2 elements called? |
Alkali Earth Metals |
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What are group 17 elements called? |
Halogens |
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What are group 18 elements called? |
Noble Gasses |
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What do elements in a group have in common? |
Number of valence electrons
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Which group of elements are stable? |
18 / Noble Gasses |
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What happens to valence electrons in ionic bonding? |
They are transferred |
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What happens to valence electrons in covalent bonding? |
They are shared |
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Which type of elements lose valence electrons? |
Metals |
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Which type of elements gain valence electrons? |
Nonmetals |
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What does an atom become when it loses valence electrons? |
Positive ion (cation) |
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What deos an atom become when it gains valence electrons? |
Negative ion (anion) |
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How many valence electrons does Calcium have? |
2 |
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Will Calcium gain or lose valence electrons? |
Lose 2 |
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What charge will the Calcium ion have? |
2+ |
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What are the 7 diatomic elements? |
Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine |
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Chemical Bond |
a force of attraction that holdw two atoms together |
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Chemical bonding |
the joining of atoms to form new substances |
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Nucleus |
a positively charged center of an atom |
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Protons |
a positively charges subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom |
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Neutrons |
a subatomic particle located in the nucleus with no charge |
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Electrons |
a negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus in electron clouds |
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Valence electrons |
the electrons in the energy level farthest away from the nucleus |
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Ionic Bond |
the attraction between positive and negatively charged ions |
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Ion |
particles that form during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons transfer from one atom to another |
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Crystal Lattice |
made up of ions that are bonded in a 3-D pattern called a crystal lattice |
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Covalent Bond |
a chemical bond formed when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
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Electron dot diagram |
a simple way to represent the valence electrons in an element |
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Metallic Bond |
the force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and the electrons in a metal |
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What are properties of Metallic compounds? |
High melting points High boiling points Conductors of heat and electricity Easily shaped |
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How do the electrons move in a metallic bond? |
Freely move about the atoms |
