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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Chemical Bond
interaction that holds atoms together
forms when electrons are shared, lost,
or gained
(ex) ionic and covalent
Valence Electron
electrons in the outermost energy level that is directly involved in chemical bonding
Ionic Bond
forms when atoms gain or lose electron(s)
Covalent Bond
forms when atoms share electron(s)
Ion
charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons
Molecule
smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance
Metallic Bond
bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons in the metal
Diatomic Molecules
molecules composed of at least two covalently bonded atoms
Electron Dot Diagram
shows only the valence electrons in an atom and can help predict how atoms might bond
Positive Ion
forms when electrons are given up
Negative Ion
form when electrons are gained during an ionic bond
Chemical Formula
shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a compound
Subscript
number written below and to the right of the chemical symbol of an element; represents the number of atoms of that element
Reactant
starting material in a chemical reaction
Product
substance(s) formed from a chemical reaction
Chemical Reaction
uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
Law of Conservation of Mass
mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical and physical changes
Coefficients
number that is placed in front of a chemical symbol or formulat
Synthesis Reaction
two or more substances combine to form on new compound
A + B --> AB
Decomposition Reaction
a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
AB --> A + B
Single-Displacement Reaction
products are a new compound and a different element
A + BC --> AC + B
Double-Displacement Reaction
ions from two compounds exchange places
AB + CD --> AD + CB
4 Signs of a Chemical Reaction
Precipitate forms
Gas Produced
Chemical color changed
Heat Produced
Exothermic Reaction
Energy/ Heat is released
(ex) glow sticks
Endothermic Reaction
Energy is taken in
(ex) photosynthesis
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is can be created nor destroyed; however energy can change forms
Activation Energy
smallest amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Factors Effecting Chemical Reactions
Temperature
Concentration
Surface area
Presence of an inhibitor or catalyst
Inhibitor
substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction
Catalyst
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction with out being permanently changed