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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medeleev
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Russian chemist who first organized the periodic table
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How was the periodic table first organized?
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Mendeleev found that the properties of the elements repeated periodically so he ordered it based on increasing atomic masses
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periodic law
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law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements' atomic numbers
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Moseley
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britich scientist that organized the periodic table based on increasing atomic number
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metal
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type of element that is shiny, ductile, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
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nonmetal
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a type of element that is brittle, dull, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
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a type of element that shares the characteristics of both metals and nonmentals, and a semiconductor
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period
How many are in the periodic table? |
a horzintal row of elements in the periodic table
There are 7 periods |
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group/family
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group have similar properties
There are 18 groups |
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alkali metal
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on of the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table
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What are the properties of alkali metals?
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-very reactive (most reactive elements)
-never found uncombined in natures -1 valence electron -soft, easily cut -shiny and silver |
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alkaline-earth metal
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one of the elements in Group 2
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What are the properties of alkaline-earth metals?
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-found heavily in earth's crust
-very reactive -2 valence electrons |
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transition metals
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metals in groups 3-12
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What are the properties of transition metals metals?
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-many aren't vey reactive, some are
-shiny -conduct thermal energy and electric current well - |
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lanthanides
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second row of Inner Transition metals that follow lanthanum
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actinides
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-first row of Inner Transition metals that follow actinium
-all radioactive, unstable -elements after plutonium are made in labratories -used im medicine: chemotherapy (gives off radiation killing cancer cells) |
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Trans-Uranium
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the name for the elements after Plutonium which are made from Uranium by shooting protons and neutrons at it
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What are the only 2 liquids in the periodic table?
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-Mercury
-Bromine |
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halogen
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one of the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table
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What are the characteristics of halogens?
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-violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts
-7 valence electrons -never uncombined in nature |
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noble gas
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one of the elements in group 18
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What are the characteristics of noble gases?
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-not reactive
-very stable |
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What are the characteristics of hydrogen and why is it above Group 1?
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-it is above group 1 because it has one valence electron
-nonmetal -very reactive -properties dont match the ones of any group -can gain or lose valence electron -most abundant element in universe |
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chemical bonding
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the bonding of 2 or more atoms to form new substances
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chemical bond
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the force that holds 2 or more atoms in a compoun
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oclet rule
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all atoms want a full outer shell (2 or 8 electrons)
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ionic bond
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the electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions (opposites attract)
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ion
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an atom where the number f protons is different than the number of electrons
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How do you name a negative ion?
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You add "-ide" to the end
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crystal lattice
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the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged
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covalent/molecular bond
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a bond formed when 2 or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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molecule
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the chemical combination of 2 or more atoms
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oxidation number (ionic charge)
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number of electrions gained or lost
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What are the simplest molecules?
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diatomic - 2 atoms, covalently bonded so they are neutral
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Contrast ionic and covalent bonds.
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Ionic - electrons are TRANSFERED, forming ions, between a metal and a nonmetal
Covalent - electron clouds are overlapped, so they are being shared, between nonmetals |
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metallic bond
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bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons in the metal
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Whats properties do metals have and why do they have them?
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-ductility and malleability
----->since the electron swim freely in around the metal ions, the atoms can be rearranged -conducting electricity ----->since the valence electrons of the ions are all free to move, when an electrical source is connected to the metal, electrons can easily be pushed out to make room for more; electricity is just moving electrons -conducting heat ----->since the metals and electrons are so close, it makes it easier and faster to transfer the heat energy -bending w/o breaking ----->since electrons are there swimming between and around the metal ions, the moving electrons maintain the metallic bonds no matter how the shape of the metal changes |
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Explain how a metallic bond works.
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-the positive metal ions just want to lose their valence electrons
-the v. electrons dont belong to any ion in particular, but swim throughout the metal -there are constantly negative charges cushioning 2 poitive ions and keeping them from touching |
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polyatomic ion
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group of atoms with a charge that acts as a single charge
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What are the characteristics of covalent bonds? Give some examples.
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-low melting/boiling points
-simplest are diatomic molecules -dont conduct electricity o sugar o wood o hair o wax o grass o plastic |
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What are the characteristics of ionic bonds? Give some examples.
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-involve electrostatic attraction between ions
-high melting/boiling points -crystalline solds -dissolve in water -conducts electricity o salt o alcohol o potassium nitrate |
