Chem Water

Front 1

Soaps vs. Detergents

Back 1

soaps are made from natural materials (fats and oils) - reacts to form precipitate with hard water ions
D - made from synthetic materials and doesn't precipitate

Front 2

unsaturated

Back 2

solution containing a lower concentration of solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature

Front 3

polar

Back 3

not equally shared electrons

Front 4

saturated

Back 4

solution in which the solvent has dissolved as much solute as it can retain stably at a given temperature

Front 5

solubility

Back 5

quantity of a substance that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to form a saturated solution

Front 6

nonpolar

Back 6

equal sharing of electrons

Front 7

ion exchange

Back 7

process of purifying water which may involve the exchange of hard-water ions for other ions such as sodium

Front 8

What are the effects of hard water?

Back 8

binds w/soap, makes soap scum
reduces ability to clean
causes "rock-like" scales to form in hot water heaters increasing time, energy and money to heat water

Front 9

Name the steps of the sewage treatment

Back 9

1 - Screening and grit removal
2 - primary settling
3 - aeration
4 - final settling
5 - disinfection
6 - optional further treatment

Front 10

Name the steps of the municipal water treatment

Back 10

1 - Source
2 - Screening
3 - Pre-chlorination
4 - flocculation
5 - settling
6 - filtration
7 - post-chlorination
8 - other treatments

Front 11

supersaturated

Back 11

solution containing a higher concentration of solute than a saturated solution at the given temperature

Front 12

electronegativity

Back 12

measure of an atom's attraction for shared electrons

Front 13

Name the steps of the hydrologic cycle

Back 13

1 - Evaporation
2 - Condensation
3 - Bacterial Action
4 - Filtration

Front 14

ionic

Back 14

one atom steals the electrons

Front 15

hard water

Back 15

water containing relatively high concentrations of calcium, magnesium or iron ions