Chem Vocabulary Chapters 1 - 4

Front 1

Making observations

Back 1

A. Qualitative- identification

B. Quantitative- how much (amount)

Front 2

Scientific method

Back 2

1. Making observations

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Performing experiments

Front 3

Hypothesis

Back 3

A possible explanation for the observation

Front 4

3 types of matter

Back 4

1. Macroscopic

2. Microscopic

3. Particular

Front 5

Macroscopic

Back 5

Matter than can be seen by the naked eye

Front 6

Microscopic

Back 6

Matter that can only be seen through a microscope

Front 7

Particular

Back 7

Matter that cannot be seen by the naked eye or by a microscope

Front 8

3 states of matter

Back 8

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

Front 9

Solid

Back 9

Has shape and volume

Front 10

Liquid

Back 10

Has volume but no shape

Front 11

Gas

Back 11

Has neither shape nor volume

Front 12

Physical property

Back 12

Is one that requires no change in composition identity

Ex. Boiling point-changes state

Freezing point- as long as you get it back its physical

Solubility- we didn't change it

Front 13

Chemical property

Back 13

Is one that requires a change in composition identity

Ex. Striking a match

Front 14

Mixture

Back 14

A substance that contains 2 or more components that can be broken down by physical property

A. Homogeneous

B. Heterogeneous

Front 15

Homogeneous

Back 15

A mixture that cannot be visibly separated by naked eye (ex. Alcohol and water of milk)

Front 16

Heterogeneous

Back 16

A mixture that can be visibly separated by naked eye

Ex. Sand and water or oil and water

Front 17

Element

Back 17

A substance that cannot be broken down any further by chemical or physical properties

Front 18

Compound

Back 18

A substance that contains 2 or more components that can be broken down by chemical property

Ex. H2O ----> H2 + O2

Front 19

Exothrrmic reaction

Back 19

A reaction in which heat is expelled to the surroundings

Front 20

Endothermic reaction

Back 20

A reaction in which heat is absorbed from the surroundings

Front 21

Potential energy

Back 21

Energy stored

Front 22

Kinetic energy

Back 22

Energy in use

Front 23

Scientific notation

Back 23

7500. ---> 7.5x10^3

Front 24

Significant figures

Back 24

1. Leading zeros are never significant

Ex. 0.00046 (only 4 and 6 are significant)

2. Captive zeros are significant

Ex. 2006 all numbers are significant

3. If there is a significant figure to the left of the decimal then all figures to the right of the decimal are significant

Ex. 6000 (6 is significant) 6.000 (all numbers are significant

4. You can't have 2 numbers after the decimal because one of the numbers in the addition only has one number after the decimal

Ex. 1.45 + 2.1 = 3.55----> 3.6

Front 25

Heat

Back 25

Energy associated with the movement of particles

Front 26

Units of heat

Back 26

1. Joules

2. Calories

Front 27

Specific heat or heat capacity

Back 27

Amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C

Front 28

Heat equation

Back 28

Mass x specific heat or heat capacity x change in temperature

Q= m x cp (sh) x (Tf-Ti)

Front 29

Heat loss from hot object

Back 29

Heat Gained from cold object

Front 30

Heat always moves

Back 30

qhot + qcold= 0

Front 31

Boiling point

Back 31

Temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas

Front 32

Vaporization

Back 32

Substance changes from liquid to gas

Front 33

Condensation

Back 33

Substance changes from gas to liquid

Front 34

Sublimation

Back 34

Substance changes from solid to gas

Front 35

Heat of fusion

Back 35

Amount of heat required for a substance to change from solid to liquid

Front 36

Heat of vaporization

Back 36

Amount of heat required for a substance to change from liquid to gas

Front 37

Q=m x Cp x (Tf-Ti)

Back 37

Used when there is no phase change

Front 38

Q= m x hfus

Back 38

Used when phase change from solid to liquid

Front 39

Q= mxhvap

Back 39

Used when there's a phase change from liquid to gas

Front 40

Groups

Back 40

Elements that are arranges along the vertices. They have similar properties

Front 41

Periods

Back 41

Elements that are arranges along the horizontal. They do not have similar properties

There are 7

Front 42

Metalloids

Back 42

B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At

Front 43

Metal

Back 43

Shiny, maleable (bendable), high density, good conductors of heat and electricity

Front 44

Nonmetal

Back 44

Dull, brittle, low density, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Front 45

Metalloids

Back 45

Shiny, brittle, medium density, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Front 46

Atomic number

Back 46

Number of protons contained in an atom

Front 47

Mass number

Back 47

Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom

Front 48

Isotope

Back 48

Atoms of the same element that have different masses and number of neutrons

Front 49

Periodic trends

Back 49

1. Atomic size (radius)

2. Ionization energy

Front 50

Atomic size

Back 50

Increasing in size going down and to right

Front 51

Ionization energy

Back 51

Decreasing in size going down and to the right

Front 52

Principal quantum number (n)

Back 52

It represents the energy level in an electron and has values of 1, 2, 3, 4... etc (never a 0)

Front 53

Ground state

Back 53

Lowest energy level an electron can occupy

Front 54

Excited state

Back 54

Any level above the ground state

Front 55

Subshells

Back 55

S ( lowest )

P

D

F (highest)

Front 56

Full electron configuration

Back 56

(Back of PT of elements)

11

Na

20. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1

Front 57

Valence electrons

Back 57

Total number of electrons in the S and P subshells of the highest energy level

11

Na

20. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1

Front 58

Abbreviated electron configuration

Back 58

Noble gas before

11. 10

Na. [Ne] 3s^1