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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polyprotic acid
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an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule
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diprotic acid
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an acid that can donate two protons per molecule
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weak acid
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acids that are weak electrolytes
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triprotic acid
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an acid able to donate three protons per molecule
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organic acid
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an organic compound that contains an acid group, the carboxyl group (COOH)
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mineral acids
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because they are made from minerals, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
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binary acid
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an acid composed of hydrogen bonded to one or the more elctronegative elements
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oxyacid
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an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen and a third element
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hydroxyl group
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the covalently bonded --OH group
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hydroxyl ion
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formed in the ionic compounds known as hydroxides
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traditional definition of a base
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a substance that contains hydroxide ions and dissociatest o give hydrocixe ions in aqueous solution
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alkaline
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a soltuion that contains OH from a soluble base
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neurtalization
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the reaction of hydrodium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
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salt
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an ionic compound composed of a metal cation of an aqueous base and the anion from an aqueous acid
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Bronsted Base
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a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor
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Bronstead acid-base reaction
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protons are transferred from one reactant( the acid) to antoher (the base)
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Lewis base
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an atom, ion or molecule that is a election pair doner
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Lewis acid-base reaction
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the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair doner and an electron pair acceptor
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conjugate base
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the species that remains after a Bronsted acid has given up a proton
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conjugate acid
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the species formed when a Bronsted base gains a proton
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amphoteric
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any species that can react as either an acid or a base
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basic anhydride
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an oxide that reactison wtih water to form an alkaline solution
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acid anhydride
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an oxide that reacts wiht water to form an acid
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equivalents
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quantities of solutes that have equavalent combining capacity
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equivalent mass of an acid
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the mass of the acid in grams that will provide one mole of protons in a reaction
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equivalent mass of a base
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the mass of the base in grams that will react with one mole of protons or will provide one mole of hydroxide (OH-) ions in a reaction
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normality
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the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution
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self-ionization
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the process that ionizes water
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pH
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defined as the negative of the common logerithm of the hydronium ion concentration
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Indicators
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weak acid or base dyes whose colors are sensitive to pH or hydrodium concentration
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transition interval
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the pH range over which an indicator changes color
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Titration
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the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentraion that is required to react completely with a measured amountof a solution of unknown concentration
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standard solution
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a solution that contains a precisely known concentration of solute
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equivalence point
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in a neutralization reaction, the point at which there are equivalent quanities of hydronium and hydroxide ions
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end point
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the point in titration where an indicator changes color
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primary standard
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a highly purified compound, when used in soltuion to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration
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