Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dalton
|
said that an atom was just a dense, positive nucleus, and was wrong because it did not have electrons and said that the nucleus was the smallest particle
|
|
Thomson
|
said that an atom was a dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons scattered through i- did not have orbitals, not in nucleus
|
|
Rutherford
|
didn't know about nuclei
|
|
Bohr
|
said that an atom had electrons traveling in circular motions around a positive nucleus- electrons were actually in orbitals
|
|
Electron
|
a small, discrete unit of energy that CANNOT exist between energy levels
|
|
Quantum Energy
|
the energy it takes to move an electrons from its present energy level to the next higher one
|
|
Quantum Mechanical Model
|
Estimates the probability of finding an electron in a certain position
Different from previous because now has orbitals |
|
principal quantum numbers (n)
|
major energy levels of electrons
|
|
how are px, py, and pz similar and different
|
have the same number of electrons, but face different ways and have increasing energy
|
|
Maximum number of electrons that can occupy a principle energy level
|
n^2
|
|
orbitals
|
the way in which electrons are arranged around the nuclei of atoms
|
|
Aufbau principle
|
electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
works for every element in the periodic table |
|
Pauli exclusion principle
|
an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons
|
|
Hund's rule
|
when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital unitl all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins.
|
|
amplitude
|
the wave's height from the origin to the crest
|
|
wavelength
|
the distance between two crests
|
|
frequency
|
the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time
|
|
electromagnetic spectrum
|
what is given when passing the light emited by an element through a prism
|
|
ground level
|
the lowest possible energy of an electron
|
|
electrons moving from higher to lower levels
|
lose energy and emit light
|
|
Quantum mechanics
|
the new method of describing the motions of subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules
|
|
Principal quantum number
|
the number of sub levels within that principal energy level
|
|
Quantum
|
the amount of energy required to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher one
|
|
atomic orbitals
|
the regions around the nucleus within which the electrons have the highest probability of being found
|
|
energy level
|
a region of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be moving
|
|
electromagnetic spectrum
|
the total range of electromagnetic radiation, from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma waves
|
|
orbital
|
a region of an atom in which there is a high probability of finding one or more electrons
|
|
excited state
|
the condition of an atom in a higher energy state than ground state
|
|
line-emission spectrum
|
distinct lines of colored light that are produced when the light produced by excited atoms of an element is passed through a prism
|
|
according to bohr, the further the electron is from the nucleus, the ________ its energy
|
greater
|
|
what happens when an electron moves from a higher (excited) energy state to lower energy level in terms of electromagnetic radiation
|
releases energy in the form of a wavelength, which corresponds to a certain type of electromagnetic radiation
|
|
Periodic law
|
when the elements are arranged according to their atomic number, theres a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties
|
|
Mendeleev
|
first chemist to arrange the elements into a periodic table, and arranged them according to weight (atomic mass), which resulted in gaps in the table and various elements being switched out of order
|
|
Moseley
|
used x-ray spectra to prove the existence of the proton, and arranged the periodic table much more effectively according to atomic number, and this is how the modern periodic table is arranged and there are no more gaps
|
|
Maximum number any element can have of valence electrons
|
8
|
|
the number of valence electrons dictates the number of ___ an element can form
|
bonds
|
|
the number of bonds an element can form dictates the elements
|
chemical properties
|