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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All particles of matter:
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are in constant motion
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Describe a solid
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-move about a fixed point
-definite shape -definite volume |
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Describe a liquid
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-particles move freely
-no definite shape -definite volume |
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Describe a gas
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-no definite shape
-no definite volume -move in random straight line motion |
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Particles move from a ___ to a ____ as one adds heat
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solid to a gas
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particles move from a ___ to a ___ as one removes heat
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gas to solid
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What is heat?
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thermal energy
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what is energy?
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the ability to do work
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what is work?
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applying a force that causes motion
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what is temp.?
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
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what is temp. measured in?
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F, C, and K
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what is used to measure temp.?
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thermometer
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what is used to measure joules or calories?
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a calorimeter
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1 Cal is how many cal?
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1000 cal
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a Calorie is a?
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nutritional calorie
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1 cal is how many joules?
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4.18 J
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formula for kinetic energy
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1/2mv^2
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In any sample of matter some particles have ___ kinetic energy, some have ____ kinetic energy, and most are _____.
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low;high;in between
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Q=
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mcAT
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Q means
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heat
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m means
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mass
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c means
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specific heat capacity
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AT means
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change in temp.
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what is the specific heat capacity?
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the amount of heat required to raise the temp. of 1.0 g of a substance 1.0 C
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______ of a liquid in a closed container is different from _____.
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vaporization;evaporation
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Vaporization is?
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the conversion of a liquid to a gas below its boiling point
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_____ is caused by the collisions of gas molecules with each other and the walls of the container
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pressure
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what is evaporation?
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-vaporization in an open container
-there is not a dynamic equilibrium -a cooling process |
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what is sweating?
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used to cool our body using evaporation
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what is boiling?
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the rate of evaporation in an open container will increase w/ the addition of heat
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as heat is added, the average kinetic energy _____, more particles will have enough kinetic energy to _____, vapor pressure will ______
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increase;vaporize;increase
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what is boiling point?
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the temp. at which the vapor pressure equals the atmosphere pressure
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what happens at the boiling point?
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bubbles of vapor form throughout the liquid and rise to the surface because they are less dense than the liquid
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