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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Percent by mass |
Take the amount in grams of what you have of a single element and divided by the amount in grams molar mass of the compound and multiplied times 100 to get percent of the element |
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To find empirical formula |
Take percent make it grams over 100 convert to moles divide by the smallest number and multiply it necessary to get whole numbers |
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Combustion analysis |
CxHyOz+O2=CO2+H2O |
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Combustion analysis how to find empirical formula |
Find grams of carbon hydrogen and any other element then subtract from grams of the whole compound to find grams of oxygen then convert everything to moles |
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Mixture analysis percent of water in a reaction |
Subtract the mass of the two constants from the mass of the whole to find the mass of the water convert the mass of the water to moles and from moles of water to moles the water with compound to grams of the water with compound take that number and divided by the mass of the whole reaction and multiplied by 100 to get a percentage |
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Percent yield |
Actual / theoretical x 100 |
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Types of reactions |
Metals with acids, Metals with water, single replacement, combination or synthesis, and decomposition |
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Decomposition of nitrates |
Nitrates decompose to metal oxide + O2 + NO2 Exception: Group 1 metals with nitrates decompose to nitrites + O2 |
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Decomposition of carbonates |
Carbonates decompose to oxide + CO2 the exception is Group 1 Metals won't react because they can't become oxide |
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Decomposition of bicarbonate |
Bicarbonate decompose to form oxide + CO2 + H2O the exception is Group 1 Metals decompose to form metal carbonate + CO2 + H2O |
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Decomposition of halates |
Halates decompose to form halides + O2 there are no exceptions |
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Decomposition of peroxide |
Oxidation of o2 is -1 not negative 2 hydrogen peroxide which is H2O2 decomposes to make H2O + O2 |
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Decomposition of hydrates |
Turn the multiplication symbol in to a plus symbol |
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Synthesis of metals and nonmetals |
They form together example Al + cl2 reacts to make alcl3 not balanced |
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Synthesis of combustion reactions |
CxHyOz+O2=CO2+H2O |
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Synthesis of metal oxide with water |
Metal oxides react with water to form bases example al2o3 + H2O equals Al(oh)3 |
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Synthesis of nonmetal oxide with water form acid |
Example SO3 + H2O equals h2so4 |
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Single replacement reaction |
If the single element is above the element in the compound on the activity series then it will react otherwise it will not |
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Single replacement of active metals with water |
Only the top five metals on the activity series will react with water example k + H2O equals Koh + H2 |
