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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is frequency?
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the number of cycles (wave crests)
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what is amplitude?
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wave height
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what is wavelength?
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distance from crest to crest
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e= ?
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hc/lamda
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c= ?
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lamba vish
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key features of light
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1) travels at the speed of light
2) have no rest mass |
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what is the speed of light?
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3 * 10^8 m/s in a vacuum
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describe interference
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constructive (peaks aligned) and destructive (peaks not aligned)
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shape of s orbital
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spherical
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shape of d orbital
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dumbbell
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shape of p orbital?
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dumbbell
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what is the aufbau principle?
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build up from lowest to higheset energy
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what is the pauli exclusion principle?
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no two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers
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what is hunds rule?
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electrons fill degenerate orbitals
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Charge on 1A
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+1
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Charge on 2A
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+2
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Charge on 7A
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-1
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Charge on 6A
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-2
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atomic radii trends?
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increases down, decreases across
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lattice energy trends?
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smaller atoms are more exothermic
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electronegativity trends?
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increase across, and decrease down
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0-0.4 = ?
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Covalent (sharing e-)
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2-4= ?
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ionic (transfer e-)
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0.4-2 = ?
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polar covalent unequal sharing
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How to determine most stable resonance structure?
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one with a formal charge that doesn't deviate from 0
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What is the formal charge?
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V Electrongs - bonding pairs/2 - Lone electrons
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in bond energy, single bonds have
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the longest distance between atoms
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in bond energy, triple bonds have
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the strongest bond between atoms
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delta h rxn =
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delta h broken (pos) + delta h formed (neg)
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negative yield is
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exothermic
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difference between valence and core electrons?
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valence electrons are involved in bonding, and interact with other molecules.
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what are the shapes of vsepr?
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linear, bent, trigonal bypyrimidal, trigonal, tetrahedral, octahedral.
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describe linear geometry:
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two electron groups, two single bonds about the central atom
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describe trigonal geometry:
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three electron groups, around central atom
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describe tetrahedral:
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four electron groups, 3D model.
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describe trigonal bypyrimidal:
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five electron groups
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describe octahedral:
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six electron groups
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characteristics of gas
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far apart molecules, interact weakly,
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characteristics of liquid
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molecules close
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solid characteristics
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molecules close but specific
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