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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ionic Bonds |
A bond that occurs between metals & nonmetals; involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
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Covalent Bond |
A bond that occurs between two or more nonmetals; involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. |
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When to Ionic Bonds occur? |
Happens when oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces. |
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What is a Ionic Compound? |
A compound that in solid phase is a lattice 3D array of alternating anions & cations. |
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What are Molecular Compounds? |
Compounds of covalently bonded molecules. |
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A Chemical Formula is defined as? |
Indicates which elements are present in the compound & the relative number of atoms or ions of each. |
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An Empirical Formula is defined as? |
Lists the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound. |
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A Molecular Formula is defined as? |
Lists the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound; is always a whole number multiple of the Empirical Formula. |
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A Structural Formula is defined as? |
Uses lines to represent Covalent Bonds; shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other. |
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What is a Ball & Stick Model? |
A model that represents atoms as balls & chemical bonds as sticks; used to reflect shape. |
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What is a Space Filling Model? |
A model used to reflect how a molecule might look if scaled to a visible size. |
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What is an Atomic element? |
An element that exists in nature with single atoms as their basic units. |
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What is a Molecular element? |
An element that does not normally exist with single atoms as their basic unit; instead exist as molecules; diatomic & polyatomic elements. |
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What is a Formula Unit? |
The smallest electrically neutral collection of ions. |
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What is a Polyatomic Ion? |
An ion composed of two or more atoms. |
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What is a Common Name? |
A nickname that can only be learned through familiarity. |
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What is a Systematic Name? |
An official name of a compound, based on well established rules, that can be determined by examining its chemical structure. |
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What is a Oxyanion? |
An anion (-) containing an oxygen & another element. |
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What does the suffix -ate mean? |
In comparison; is a compound with more oxygen atoms. |
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What does the suffix -ite mean? |
In comparison; it is a compound with less oxygen atoms. |
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What does the prefix hypo- mean? |
In comparison; a compound with less than two ions. |
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What does the prefix per- mean? |
In comparison; a compound with more than two ions. |
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What is a Hydrate? |
An ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit. |
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What is a binary acid? |
An acid composed of hydrogen & a non-metal. |
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What is an Oxyacid? |
An acid containing hydrogen & an oxyion (an anion containing a non-metal & oxygen). |
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What is Formula Mass? |
An average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu. |
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What is a Mass Percent? |
An elements percentage of the compound's total mass. |
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What is an Empirical Formula of Molar Mass? |
The sum of masses of all the atoms in the empirical formula. |
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What is Combustion Analysis? |
A method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon & hydrogen, by burning a sample of the compound in pure oxygen & analyzing the products of the combustion reaction. |
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What is a Chemical Reaction? |
A process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more different substances. |
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What is a Combustion Reaction? |
A chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen containing compounds. |
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What are reactants? |
Substances that are on the left side of a chemical equation. |
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What are products? |
Substances on the right side of a chemical equation. |
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What are the States of Matter in a Chemical Equation? |
(g) Gas, (l) Liquid, (s) Solid, and (aq) Aqueous. |
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What is a Balanced Chemical Equation? |
When coefficients are added to reactants & products to balance an equation; number of molecules change but not the type. |
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What are Organic Compounds? |
Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, & and several other possible elements including oxygen, sulfur, & nitrogen. |
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What is a Hydrocarbon? |
The simplest organic compounds, composed of only carbon & hydrogen. |
