Chem Test 1 Ch2

Front 1

Who lead to the development of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)?

Back 1

Binnig & Rohrer.

Front 2

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Back 2

Matter is neither created nor destroyed.

Front 3

What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

Back 3

All samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they are prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements.

Front 4

What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?

Back 4

When two elements form two different compounds, the mass of element B that combine with 1g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.

Front 5

How is the Law of Multiple Proportions best described?

Back 5

A ratio of ratios, between two definite proportions.

Front 6

1st Rule of Atomic Theory?

Back 6

Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.

Front 7

2nd Rule of Atomic Theory?

Back 7

All atoms of a given element have the same mass & other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.

Front 8

3rd Rule of Atomic Theory?

Back 8

Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.

Front 9

4th Rule of Atomic Theory?

Back 9

Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. Atoms only change the way they are bound together with other atoms to form new substances.

Front 10

What is a Cathode Ray?

Back 10

A ray that is produced when a high electrical charge is applied between two electrodes within a partially evacuated glass tube.

Front 11

What is an Electrical charge?

Back 11

A fundamental property of some of the particles that compose atoms.

Front 12

What is an Electron?

Back 12

Negatively charged, low mass particle present in all atoms.

Front 13

What is Radioactivity?

Back 13

Emission of small energetic particles from the core of certain unstable elements.

Front 14

1st Rule of Nuclear Theory?

Back 14

Most of the atom's mass & all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the Nucleus.

Front 15

2nd Rule of Nuclear Theory?

Back 15

Most of the volume in an atom is empty space, throughout which tiny, negative charged electrons are dispersed.

Front 16

3rd Rule of Nuclear Theory?

Back 16

There are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles within the nucleus, so that the atoms is electrically neutral.

Front 17

What are Neutrons?

Back 17

Neutral partials within the nucleus.

Front 18

How is Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) defined?

Back 18

1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons & six neutrons.

Front 19

What does an Atomic Number represent?

Back 19

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Front 20

What does the Chemical Symbol represent?

Back 20

It is a one or two letter abbreviation of an element.

Front 21

What is an Isotope?

Back 21

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Front 22

What is Natural Abundance?

Back 22

Relative percentage of a particular isotope in a naturally occurring sample with respect to other isotopes of the same element.

Front 23

What does the Mass Number represent?

Back 23

The sum of the number of neutrons & protons in an atom.

Front 24

What are Ions?

Back 24

Atoms that lose or gain electrons to form charged particles.

Front 25

What are Cations?

Back 25

Positively charged ions.

Front 26

What are Anions?

Back 26

Negatively charged ions.

Front 27

What is Periodic Law?

Back 27

When the elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

Front 28

What are characteristics of Metals?

Back 28

- Found on left & middle of table

- Good conductors of heat & electricity

- Malleable

- Can be drawn into wires

- Often Shiny

- Lose electrons when they undergo chemical change

Front 29

What are characteristics of Nonmetals?

Back 29

- Found on upper right side of table

- Vary in state at room temperature

- Poor conductors of heat & electricity

- Gain electrons when they undergo chemical change

Front 30

What are characteristics of Metalloids?

Back 30

- Several are classified as semiconductors of their intermediate electrical conductivity

- We can control & change their conductivity making them useful for electronic chips & circuits

Front 31

What are Main Group Elements?

Back 31

Have properties that tend to be largely predictable based on position in table.

Front 32

What are Transition Element/Metals?

Back 32

Have properties that tend to be less predictable based solely on their position in the table.

Front 33

What are families/groups?

Back 33

Each column in within the main group regions.

Front 34

What are Noble Gases?

Back 34

Family 8A; mostly nonreactive.

Front 35

What are Alkali Metals?

Back 35

Family 1A; all reactive.

Front 36

What are Alkali Earth Metals?

Back 36

Family 2A; fairly reactive.

Front 37

What are Halogens?

Back 37

Family 7A; very reactive nonmetals.

Front 38

What tendency does main group metals have?

Back 38

They lose electrons, forming a cation with the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas.

Front 39

What tendency does main group nonmetals have?

Back 39

They gain electrons, forming an anion with the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas.

Front 40

What is Atomic Mass?

Back 40

It is the average mass in amu of the atoms of a particular element based on the relative abundance of the various isotopes; it is numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of one mole of the element.

Front 41

What is a Mole?

Back 41

Equivalent to 6.022*10^23 atoms.

Front 42

What is Molar Mass?

Back 42

The mass of 1 mole of atoms of an element; numerically eqivilant to the element's atomic mass.