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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is chemistry
science, matter, heat, change, microscopic, marcoscopic
Order of Scientific Method
observation, hypothesis, experimentations, laws and theories
What is a good hypothesis?
one that can be tested wrong
What do experiments test?
Hypthesis, laws, and theories
Results of an experiment can be validated or invalidated. what do each mean
validated:
What are laws?
is a combination of observations that come together to form one statement
Law of Conservation of Mass
In a chemical reaction the mass of all materials at the start of the reaction is equal to the mass of all material at the end of the reaction
What is an observation?
it is a description or measurement apart of the physical world aka data
Differences btwn laws and observations
observation: single event
law summarizes many events
law allow predictions
What is a hypothesis?
is an educated guess to explain an observation.
What are theories? What are they model after?
Are tested hypothesis that can explain a broad set of behavior or phenomena. Theories are modeled after Dalton's Theory.
What is the difference btwn theories and hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a single or small number of observations.A theory extends beyond individual observations to an understanding of the underlying causes for the way nature is or behaves
What is the difference btwn laws and theories?
Laws answer the question "what" will happen. Theories answer the question “Why”does something happen.This allows you to predict what will happen
What determines the properties of matter?
molecules and atoms that compose it
Carbon Monoxide (4)
1) one oxygen atom
2) burns with blue flame
3) bonds with hemoglobin
4) colorless and ordorless
Carbon Dioxide (4)
1) two oxygen atoms
2) incombustable
3) does not bond with hemoglobin
4) colorless and ordorless
What can matter be classified as?
solid, liquid or gas
What does fixed mean?
Property doesn’t change when placed in a container.
what is indefinite?
takes the property of the container
how do solid particles move?
they vibrate against one another?
what are crystallized solids ?
have a long range, ordered arrangements.
what are amorphus particles?
Have a random rangement of particle
how do liquids move?
Closely packed, but with mobile atoms and molecules.
How do gases move?
Well separated particles in constant random motion
When do gas particle touch?
Particles do not touch except for collisions.
Are gases compressible and why?
yes because there is space between particles,
What are homogenius matter?
Matter that exists in one phase, either solid, liquid or gas. There are no boundaries between the parts
What are heterogenius matter?
Matter that exists in more than one phase. There are clear boundaries between the parts.
How do gases move?
Well separated particles in constant random motion
When do gas particle touch?
Particles do not touch except for collisions.
Are gases compressible and why?
yes because there is space between particles,
What are homogenius matter?
Matter that exists in one phase, either solid, liquid or gas. There are no boundaries between the parts
What are heterogenius matter?
Matter that exists in more than one phase. There are clear boundaries between the parts.
what are pure substances?
have uniform fixed compositions.
what are two classifications of pure substances?
elements and compounds
what are elements?
have only one type of atom.
what are compounds?
have two or more types of atoms in a
what is a pure substance?
water
what two groups are mixtures divided into?
homogenius and heterogenius
what are the two properties of matter?
physical and chemical properties.
what is a physical property?
are properties a substance displays in which there is no change in composition
what are chemical properties?
are properties that are displayed when a substance is converted into a new substance (a chemical reaction.)
what are some examples of physical properties?
mass, volume, density, solid Liquid Gas Melting point Boiling point Volatility Taste Odor Color Texture Shape Solubility Electrical conductance Thermal conductance Magnetism Malleability Ductility Specific heat capacity
what are some examples of chemical properties?
Acidity Basicity (aka alkalinity) Causticity Corrosiveness Reactivity Stability Inertness Explosiveness (In)Flammability Combustibility Oxidizing ability Reducing ability
what are two changes in matter?
chemical changes and physical changes.
what are chemical changes?
are changes in which the composition of matter is changed. Another name for this is chemical reaction
what are physical changes?
are changes in matter in which the composition does not change
Examples of physical changes in matter
heating water, melting ice, boiling alcohol, Evaporating butane from a lighter, and disolving sugar into water
Examples of chemical changes in matter
Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride, TNT explode to form several gaseous products, Silver combines with sulfur in the air to make tarnish, Burning results in butane from a lighter to be changed into carbon dioxide and water
Examples of physical changes in matter
heating water, melting ice, boiling alcohol, Evaporating butane from a lighter, and disolving sugar into water
Examples of chemical changes in matter
Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride, TNT explode to form several gaseous products, Silver combines with sulfur in the air to make tarnish, Burning results in butane from a lighter to be changed into carbon dioxide and water
what is temperature?
Measure of the average energy of motion of molecules in a sample.
what temperature does water freeze at kelvin?
272.15 K
what temperature does water boil at kelvin?
373.15 K