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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is chemistry
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science, matter, heat, change, microscopic, marcoscopic
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Order of Scientific Method
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observation, hypothesis, experimentations, laws and theories
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What is a good hypothesis?
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one that can be tested wrong
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What do experiments test?
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Hypthesis, laws, and theories
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Results of an experiment can be validated or invalidated. what do each mean
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validated:
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What are laws?
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is a combination of observations that come together to form one statement
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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In a chemical reaction the mass of all materials at the start of the reaction is equal to the mass of all material at the end of the reaction
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What is an observation?
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it is a description or measurement apart of the physical world aka data
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Differences btwn laws and observations
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observation: single event
law summarizes many events law allow predictions |
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What is a hypothesis?
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is an educated guess to explain an observation.
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What are theories? What are they model after?
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Are tested hypothesis that can explain a broad set of behavior or phenomena. Theories are modeled after Dalton's Theory.
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What is the difference btwn theories and hypothesis?
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A hypothesis is a single or small number of observations.A theory extends beyond individual observations to an understanding of the underlying causes for the way nature is or behaves
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What is the difference btwn laws and theories?
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Laws answer the question "what" will happen. Theories answer the question “Why”does something happen.This allows you to predict what will happen
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What determines the properties of matter?
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molecules and atoms that compose it
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Carbon Monoxide (4)
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1) one oxygen atom
2) burns with blue flame 3) bonds with hemoglobin 4) colorless and ordorless |
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Carbon Dioxide (4)
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1) two oxygen atoms
2) incombustable 3) does not bond with hemoglobin 4) colorless and ordorless |
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What can matter be classified as?
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solid, liquid or gas
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What does fixed mean?
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Property doesn’t change when placed in a container.
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what is indefinite?
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takes the property of the container
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how do solid particles move?
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they vibrate against one another?
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what are crystallized solids ?
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have a long range, ordered arrangements.
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what are amorphus particles?
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Have a random rangement of particle
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how do liquids move?
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Closely packed, but with mobile atoms and molecules.
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How do gases move?
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Well separated particles in constant random motion
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When do gas particle touch?
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Particles do not touch except for collisions.
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Are gases compressible and why?
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yes because there is space between particles,
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What are homogenius matter?
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Matter that exists in one phase, either solid, liquid or gas. There are no boundaries between the parts
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What are heterogenius matter?
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Matter that exists in more than one phase. There are clear boundaries between the parts.
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How do gases move?
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Well separated particles in constant random motion
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When do gas particle touch?
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Particles do not touch except for collisions.
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Are gases compressible and why?
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yes because there is space between particles,
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What are homogenius matter?
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Matter that exists in one phase, either solid, liquid or gas. There are no boundaries between the parts
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What are heterogenius matter?
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Matter that exists in more than one phase. There are clear boundaries between the parts.
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what are pure substances?
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have uniform fixed compositions.
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what are two classifications of pure substances?
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elements and compounds
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what are elements?
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have only one type of atom.
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what are compounds?
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have two or more types of atoms in a
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what is a pure substance?
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water
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what two groups are mixtures divided into?
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homogenius and heterogenius
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what are the two properties of matter?
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physical and chemical properties.
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what is a physical property?
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are properties a substance displays in which there is no change in composition
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what are chemical properties?
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are properties that are displayed when a substance is converted into a new substance (a chemical reaction.)
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what are some examples of physical properties?
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mass, volume, density, solid Liquid Gas Melting point Boiling point Volatility Taste Odor Color Texture Shape Solubility Electrical conductance Thermal conductance Magnetism Malleability Ductility Specific heat capacity
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what are some examples of chemical properties?
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Acidity Basicity (aka alkalinity) Causticity Corrosiveness Reactivity Stability Inertness Explosiveness (In)Flammability Combustibility Oxidizing ability Reducing ability
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what are two changes in matter?
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chemical changes and physical changes.
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what are chemical changes?
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are changes in which the composition of matter is changed. Another name for this is chemical reaction
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what are physical changes?
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are changes in matter in which the composition does not change
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Examples of physical changes in matter
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heating water, melting ice, boiling alcohol, Evaporating butane from a lighter, and disolving sugar into water
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Examples of chemical changes in matter
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Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride, TNT explode to form several gaseous products, Silver combines with sulfur in the air to make tarnish, Burning results in butane from a lighter to be changed into carbon dioxide and water
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Examples of physical changes in matter
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heating water, melting ice, boiling alcohol, Evaporating butane from a lighter, and disolving sugar into water
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Examples of chemical changes in matter
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Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride, TNT explode to form several gaseous products, Silver combines with sulfur in the air to make tarnish, Burning results in butane from a lighter to be changed into carbon dioxide and water
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what is temperature?
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Measure of the average energy of motion of molecules in a sample.
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what temperature does water freeze at kelvin?
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272.15 K
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what temperature does water boil at kelvin?
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373.15 K
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