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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that exibits the properties of inertia
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law of conservation of mass
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mass is conserved in all nonnuclear changes; it cannot be made or deystroyed
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inertia
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the tendency of an object to resist any change in volociety
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energy
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the property of matter that can be converted to work under the proper circamstances
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potential energy
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the energy of an object due to it's position
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kinetic energy
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the energy of an object due to it's motion
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radaint energy
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the energy being transferred between objects by electromagnetic waves
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law of conservation of energy
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energy is conserved in al nonnuclear changes; it cannot be created or destroyed
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law of conservation mass-energy
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althought they can be interconverted, the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is constant
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intermidiate
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the material that is produced from raw materials and processed further to produce some consumer products
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model
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an arrangment analogous to, and useful for, understanding a system in nature, by existing only in one's mind
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chemistry
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the study of the structure and properties of matter
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qualitative
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concerning the kinds of matter present
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quantitative
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concerning the amounts of matter present
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weight
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the gravitational attraction of earth or a celestial body for matter
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mass
kilogram |
measure of the amount of matter
the SI unit of mass |
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time
second |
the interval between two occurances
the SI unit of time |
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balance
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the most correct instrument used to measure mass
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length
meter |
the distance between to pionts
the SI unit of length |
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temperature
kelvin |
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles composing a material
the SI unit of temperature C*+272.15 |
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accuracy
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the relationship between the graduations on the measuring devise and the actual stadard for the quantity being measured
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precision
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the measure of the reproductibility of measurements within a set
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signifacant didgit
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the realiable digit in a measurement based on the accuracy of the measuring instument.
ex: 3000 significant digit 1 ex2: 300.0 significant digits 4 ex3: 0.056 signifacant digit 2 |
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counting number
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natural number; any cardinal number except zero
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density
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mas per unit volume
d=m/v |
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material
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a sepcific kind of matter
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mixture
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a material consisting of two or more substances
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phase
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a physically distinct section of matter with uniform properties set off from the surrounding matter by physical boundries
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heterogeneous mixture
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a combination of two or more substances that are not uniformly dispersed
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interface
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the areas of contact between two phases
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homogeneous mixture
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uniform throughout
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solution
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a homogeneous mixture composed of solute and solvent
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solute
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the substance present in lesser quantity in a solution being desolved
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solvent
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the substence prestent in the greater amount in a solution desolves the solute
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substance
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a material with a constant composition
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element
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a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons in the nucleus
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compound
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a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements linked in chemical bonds
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organic substance
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a compound that contains the element carbon; a few carbon compunds are considered inorganic
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inorganic substance
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a molecular compound that does not contain carbon
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physical change
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a change in which the same substance is present before and after the change
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chemical change
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a rearrangment of atoms and/or molecules to produce one more new substance with new properties
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precipitate
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a solid, produced by a reation,that seperates form the solution
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physical property
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a property that can be observed without a change of substance
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chamical property
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a porperty charactoristic of a substance when it is involved in a chemical change
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extensive property
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a property dependent on the amount of matter present
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intensive property
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a property of a substance that is independent of the amount of matter present
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system
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that part of the universe under consideration
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heat
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energy transfered due to difference in temperature
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joule
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the SI unti of measuring energy 1kg*m^2
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endothermic
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a change that takes place with the obsorption of heat
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exothermic
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a change that produces heat
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activation energy
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the energy required to form the activated complex
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calorimeter
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a devise for measuring the transfer of heat during a chemical or physical change
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specific heat
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the amount of engery required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsious degree
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law of definite proportions
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the elements composing a compoundare always found in the same ratio by mass
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law of multipul proportions
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the masses of one element that combined with a fixed amount of another element to form more then one compound are in the ratio of small whole numbers
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anode
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the positive electrode (general); the elecrode at which oxidation occurs (electrochemical)
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cathode
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the neagative electrode (general); the electrode at which reduction occurs (electrochemical)
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cathode ray
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the beam electrons in a gas discharge tube
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isotope
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one of two or more atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers or neutrons
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleas of an atom
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nuclide
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an atom of a specific energy with a specified number of protons and a specifide number of neutrons in its nucleus
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nucleon
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a partical found in the nucleus of an atom; a protron or neutron
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mass number
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the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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radioactivity
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spontanious nuclear decay
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nuclear force
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the force holding nucleons together in a nucleus
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subatomic particle
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a partical smaller then an atom
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lepton
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light subatomic particles
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hadrons
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a class of heavy subatomic particles
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antiparticle
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a particle identical to to a second particle in all respects except for opposite charge and magnetic moment
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neutrino
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a nuclear particle associated with leptrons
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quark
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a theoretical particle believed to be elementary and a constituent of a hadron
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baryon
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a subatomic particle classified as a heavy hadron
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meson
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a subatomic partical classified as a hadron
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gluon
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a theoretical massless particle exchanged by quarks
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alpha particle
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a helium nucleaus
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beta particle
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an electron (-) or positron (+)
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gamma ray
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a quantum of energy of very high frequency and a very short wavelength
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spectroscopy
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the study of the interaction of matter and radiant energy
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spectrum
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a unique set of wavelengths absorbed or emitted by a substence
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electromagnetic energy
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radiant energy; energy transferred by electo magnetic waves
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frequency
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the number of complete wave cycles per unit time
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hertz
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the unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second
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wavelength
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the distance between two successive crests of a wave
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quantum theory
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the concept that energy is transferred in discrete units
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quanta
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The name given to the discrete quantities of energy emitted by radiant heat energy, or radiation
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photon
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quantum of radiant energy
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ground state
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the state of lowest energy of a system
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atomic mass
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the mass of an atom in atomic mass units;the average mass of the atoms of an element
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