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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
intensive vs extensive properties
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intensive: no dependency on amount present (i.e. melting point, solubility, density)
extensive: dependent on amount present (i.e. volume, mass, energy content) |
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separating a mixture
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distillation: homogeneous mixture separates based on boiling point
filtration: solides separated from liquids and solutions chromatography: pigments of solution separate based on solubility (can't be undone) titration: separation based on Ph level |
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three types of radiation
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alpha: two protons and two neutrons (He); used by Rutherford as a "probe"
beta: a high speed electron gamma: a high energy form of light |
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good oxidizing agents vs good reducing agents
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oxidizing: readily accept electrons (i.e. O3, O2, KMnO4)
reducing: readily give electrons (i.e. Groups IA and IIA) |
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amphoteric property
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ability to react with both acid and base
Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide |
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acid anhydrides
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nonmetal oxide which can combine with water to form oxoacid
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H2 only reacts spontaneously with…?
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F2 and Cl2
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exothermic process
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dissolving concentrated strong bases or acids, soluble metal oxides, or metals in water
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Which experiment proves that J.J. Thomson's plum pudding atom model is wrong?
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
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nature abundance formula
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(massA)(%A) + (massB)(%B) + ...
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Write the equation for the ionization of atomic F that requires 1681.0 kJ mol.
Account for the fact that the first ionization energy of atomic F is greater than that of atomic O. Predict whether the first ionization energy of atomic Xe is greater than, less that, or equal to the first ionization of atomic F. |
F → F+ + e-
F has a greater Zeff due to one more proton in its nucleus; thereby needing more energy to remove an e- The first IE of Xe is less than that of N. To ionize Xe, an electron is removed from 5p; to ionize F, an electron is removed from 2p. 5p is farther from the nucleus, therefore needing less energy. |
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What would happen if you fill a buret with solution without rinsing it?
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The analysis would not be precise and accurate because the water residue in the burette would dilute the solution when it’s in the burette This would make it impossible to determine the exact concentration of the solution.
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What technique is most appropriate for the recovery of solid KNO3 from an aqueous solution of KNO3?
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evaporation to dryness
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A) Li B) Ni C) Br D) U E) Fl
1. A gas in its standard state at 298 K 2, Reacts with water to form a strong base |
1. E
2. A |
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A) B) S C) Mg D) Ar E) Mn
1. Forms monatomic ions with 2- charge in solutions 2. Forms a compound having the formula KXO4 3. Forms oxides that are common air pollutants and that yield acidic solution in water |
1. B
2. E 3. B |
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What conclusion can be drawn from J.J. Thomson's cathode ray experiments?
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Atoms contain electrons
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What is a correct interpretation of the results of Rutherford's experiments in which gold atoms were bombarded with alpha particles?
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The positive charge of an atom is concentrated in a small region.
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What is used extensively for the production of fertilizers?
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Ammonia
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After completing an experiment to determine gravimetrically the percentage of water in a hydrate, a student reported a value of 38%. The correct value for the percentage of water in a hydrate is 51%. What is a likely explanation for this difference?
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The dehydrated sample absorbed moisture after heating.
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A) Pb B) Ca C) Zn D) As E) Na
1. Utilized as a coating to protect Fe from corrosion 2. Added to Si to enhance its properties as a semiconductor 3. Utilized as a shield from sources of radiation |
1. C
2. D 3. A |
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A) Cl B) Br C) Ni D) K E) Al
1. A liquid in its standard state at 298 K 2. Reacts with water to form a strong base |
1. B
2. D |
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Dalton's atomic theory
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Each element is made up of atoms
All atoms of a given element are identical Chemical reactions result in the reorganization of atoms. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms combine with each other. |
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A mass spectrometer separates charged particles according to their mass by using a magnet. A mass spectrometer is therefore most like..?
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Thompson's cathode ray experiments
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A) CO3^2- B) Cr2O7^2- C) NH4+ D) Ba^2+
When is the following ABSET? 1. Colorless solution 2. No apparent reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid 3. No odor can be detected when a sample of the solution is added drop y drop to a warm solution of sodium hydroxide 4. No precipitate is formed when a dilute solution of H2SO4 is added to a sample of the solution |
1. B
2. A 3. C 4. D |
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What does NOT behave as an electrolyte when it is dissolved in water?
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CH3OH
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In an experiment, a student is given a mixture of anhydrous MgCl2 and KNO3. To determine the mass percentage of MgCl2 in the mixture, the student uses execs AgNO3 (aq) to determine the chloride ion as (s).
Starting with the the mixture dissolved in water, describe the steps necessary to quantitatively determine the mass of the AgCl precipitate. |
Dissolving the mixture in water results in a solution. Add the AgNO3 to the solution and let AgCl precipitate. When the reaction has finished, use filtration to separate AgCl from the solution. Wash the precipitate with H2O and dry it. Weigh the precipitate to determine mass.
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Decomposition reactions to remember
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H2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
metal carbonates → metallic oxide + CO2(g) metallic sulfites → metallic oxides + SO2 metallic chlorates → metallic chlorides and O2 (g) noble metal oxides → metal and O2 (g) 2 H2O2 (l) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g) |
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Synthesis reactions to remember
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Group IA or IIA + nonmetal → salt
nonmetal + nonmetal → molecular compound compound + compound → single product metallic oxide + CO2(g) → metallic carbonate metallic oxide _ SO2(g) → metallic sulfite metallic oxide + H2O(l) → metallic hydroxide nonmetallic oxide + H2O(l) → acid |