Chem Honors Chapter 5 Vocab

Front 1

Antoine Lavoisier

Back 1

"Father of Chemistery" Established a common naming system of compounds and elements, first to organize elements:Gases Nonmetlas, metals, and "Earths"- elements that could not be chemically seperted at the time

Front 2

Henry Mosely

Back 2

Oraganized elements in order of increasing atomic numbs

Front 3

Periodic law

Back 3

by henry mosely
Physical and Chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Front 4

S-Block

Back 4

Alkali, Alkaline-earth metals

Front 5

P-Block

Back 5

Halogens-make salts- reactive

Front 6

Atomic radius

Back 6

-1/2 the distance between the nuclei of 2 covalently bonded atoms
Decreases across
Increases Down

Front 7

Cation

Back 7

Positive ion- smaller atomic radius- less pull from the nucleus and more repulsion between the greater number of electrons

Front 8

Anion

Back 8

Negative ion- bigger with less pull

Front 9

Ionization energy

Back 9

Amount of Energy required to remove an e from a neutral atom in its gaseous state
Increases up, across
Decreases down

Front 10

Electron Affinity

Back 10

Amount of energy released when an e is added to a gaseous atom in its neutral state
Increase across a period, decrease down a group

Front 11

Electronegativity

Back 11

the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
F-4.0-Highest
Increase across a period, decrease down a group

Front 12

Effective nuclear charge vs nuclear charge

Back 12

effective- felt by outer electron
normal- number of protons

Front 13

number of shielding electrons

Back 13

e present inbetween the nucleus and the valence shell electrons

Front 14

S-block

Back 14

chemically reactive metals
include alkali, alkaline earth,
can be cut with a knife
silvery appearance
not found as free elements, too reactive
group 1-melt at successively lower melting pts (most even lower than water's boiling)

Front 15

D-block

Back 15

Exceptions-Ni [Ar]3d84s2
Pd [Kr]4d105s0
Pt [Xe] 4f145d96s1
metals with typical metallic properties, transistion elements
less reactive, some even unreactive (gold)

Front 16

P-block

Back 16

has all the nonmetals except helium, hydrogen all 5 metalloids, halogens-most reactive nonmetals.. metals are harder than s, softer than d

Front 17

main group elements

Back 17

p block, s block