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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the branch of science that involves the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
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chemistry
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What do we call anything that has mass and occupies space?
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matter
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What is meant by the term "scientific law"?
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a summary of a large amount of scientific information
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What word means the application of scientific principles to meeting human needs?
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technology
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What is a hypothesis?
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an attempt to explain an observation in a common-sense way
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When does a hypothesis attain the status of a theory?
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when sufficient experiments have been performed to confirm that the hypothesis is correct
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In which state does matter have an indefinite shape and definite volume?
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liquid
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In which state of matter are forces between particles least dominant?
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gas
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What kind of change does not alter the composition or identity of the substance undergoing the change?
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physical
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Conversion of ice to liquid water or liquid water to steam is an example of what kind of change?
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physical
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In one sentence, explain clearly what is meant by a "chemical change".
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A chemical change results in different substance(s) from those initially present.
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What type of change is represented by the decay of a fallen tree?
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chemical
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The green color of the Statue of Liberty is due to a ______________ change to the copper metal it is made of.
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chemical
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What do we call the beginning and end materials in a chemical reaction?
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reactants and products
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What type of property of matter is independent of the quantity of the substance?
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intensive
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What word is used to describe properties of a substance that depend on the quantity of substance? Give two examples of such properties.
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extensive; mass, volume, and others
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What is meant in chemistry by the term "pure substance"?
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The substance consists of only one component; it has a fixed composition throughout.
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What are two kinds of a pure substance?
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elements and compounds
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In chemistry, explain what is meant by the word "compound".
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a pure substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite ratio
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What are the two classes of mixtures?
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homogeneous and heterogeneous
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Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
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concrete, salt and pepper, smoky air, and others
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What kind of mixture is a solution of alcohol and water?
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homogeneous
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Which of the following terms are appropriate in describing an apple?
pure substance; element; compound; mixture; homogeneous; heterogeneous |
mixture; heterogeneous
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What does the prefix "centi-" mean?
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10-2 or 0.01
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1 milligram is equivalent to how many grams?
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1 × 10-3 g
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How many centimeters correspond to 15.68 kilometers?
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1.568 × 106 cm
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How many pounds are represented by 764.6 mg? [Use: 1 pound = 454 g]
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1.684 × 10-3 pounds
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A typical aspirin tablet contains 5.00 grains of pure aspirin analgesic compound. The rest of the tablet is starch. How many aspirin tablets can be made from 50.0 g of pure aspirin? [Use: 1.00 g = 15.4 grains]
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154 tablets
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A patient weighs 146 pounds and is to receive a drug at a dosage of 45.0 mg per kg of body weight. The drug is supplied as a solution that contains 25.0 mg of drug per mL of solution. How many mL of the drug should the patient receive? [Use: 1 pound = 454 g]
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119 mL
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If a person smokes 10.0 packs of cigarettes a week and each cigarette contains 5.00 mg of tar, how many weeks will she have to smoke to inhale 0.250 pounds of tar? [Use: 20 cigarettes = 1 pack and 1 pound = 454 g]
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114 weeks
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The cost of a drug is 125 francs per gram. What is the cost in dollars per ounce? [Use: $1 = 6.25 francs and 1 ounce = 28.4 g]
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$568/ounce
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If one atom of carbon-14 weighs 14.0 atomic mass units and one atomic mass unit is equal to 1.66 × 10-24 grams, what is the mass of 25.0 atoms of carbon-14 in grams?
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5.81 × 10-20 g
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A patient needs 0.300 g of a solid drug preparation per day. How many 10.0 mg tablets must be given to the patient per day?
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30.0 tablets
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When the value of an experimental quantity or measurement (e.g., the mass of a tablet) is reported, it should consist of two parts. What are they?
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number and units
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What do we call a basic quantity of mass, volume, time, etc.?
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unit
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Express the number 0.000327730 to three significant figures using scientific notation.
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3.28 × 10-4
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How many significant figures are in the number 5.06305 × 104?
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6
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Write the number 3,000 using scientific notation and the proper number of significant digits.
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3 × 103
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Write the number 0.9050 using scientific notation and the proper number of significant digits.
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9.050 × 10-1
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Provide the answer to the following problem using scientific notation and the proper number of significant digits: (6.00 × 10-2)(3.00 × 10-4) = ?
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1.80 × 10-5
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Provide the answer to the following problem using scientific notation and the proper number of significant digits: (4.3169 × 104) ÷ (2.02 × 103) = ?
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2.14 × 101
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Provide the answer to the following problem using the proper number of significant digits:
0.004 + 26.59 + 3.2 = ? |
29.8
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What is meant by the word "mass"?
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the quantity of matter in a sample
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What instrument is used to measure the mass of an object?
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a balance
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What commonly used mass unit is approximately the same as the mass of one hydrogen atom?
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atomic mass unit
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Which physical property of an astronaut will change depending on whether he or she is on earth or in orbit?
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weight
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What is the basic unit of volume in the metric system?
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liter
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List four different forms of energy, other than kinetic energy or potential energy.
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any four of heat, light, electrical, mechanical, chemical
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What Fahrenheit temperature corresponds to -168.7°C?
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-271.7°F
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What form of energy is usually absorbed or liberated during chemical reactions?
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heat
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In the swinging of a pendulum, what two forms of energy are constantly being interconverted?
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kinetic energy and potential energy
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What kind of energy is stored as the result of position or composition?
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potential energy
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What do we call the experimental quantity, which gives the number of particles of a substance (or their mass) contained per unit volume?
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concentration
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The density of an object is the ratio of its _______ to its _______.
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mass; volume
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If we assume the density of blood is 1.060 g/mL, what is the mass of 6.56 pints of blood in grams? [Use: 1 L = 2.113 pints]
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3.29 × 103 g
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A solid that had a mass of 189.6 g was found to have the following measurements: length = 9.80 cm; width = 46.6 mm; height = 0.111 m. What is its density in g/mL?
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0.374 g/mL
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When a large object fell into a "full" swimming pool, it displaced 32.0 gallons of water. The density of the object is 1.65 g/mL. What is the object's weight in pounds? Remember that any fully immersed object displaces its own volume. [Use: 454 g = 1 pound; 1 L = 1.06 quarts]
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439 pounds
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What is the branch of chemistry that is being applied in measuring the concentration of an air pollutant?
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A. analytical chemistry
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What do we call a statement of observed behavior for which no exceptions have been found?
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C. law
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Which state of matter has no definite shape or volume?
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E. gas
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Which of the following is NOT a physical property of matter?
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C. flash point
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What kind of change is accompanied by the release of heat?
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C. exothermic
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What kind of change always results in the formation of new materials?
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E. chemical
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Which of the following is a chemical property?
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A. flammability
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Which one of the following is an example of an extensive property?
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C. mass
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Which one of the following is an example of a pure substance?
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A. ethyl alcohol
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