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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of undergoing a chemical change |
Chemical reaction |
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A chemical reaction that releases heat energy |
Exothermic reaction
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A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy |
endothermic reaction
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A substance disolved in water |
aqueous solution |
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An insoluble solid substance produced from a reaction in aqueous solution |
Precipitate
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a representation using formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction |
Chemical Equation
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a substance undergoing a chemical reaction |
Reactant
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a substance resulting from a chemical reaction |
Product
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a substance that speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed |
Catalyst
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a particle composed of two non metal atoms |
Diatomic molecule
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a digit in front of a chemical formula that helps to balance a chemical equation |
coefficient
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a digit in a chemical formula that represents the number of atoms or ions appearing in a substance |
subscript |
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A type of reaction in which two substances produce a single compound |
combination reaction |
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A type of reaction in which a single compound produces two or more substances |
Decomposition reaction |
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a type of reaction in which a more active metal displaces a less active metal from a solution |
Single Replacement reaction |
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A type of reaction in which two cations in different compounds exchange anions |
Double replacement reaction |
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a type of reaction in which an acid and base produce salt and water |
Neutralization reaction |
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a relative order of metals arranged by their ability to undergo a reaction |
Activity Series |
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a metal that reacts with water at room temperature |
active metal
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a substance that releases hydrogen ions in water |
acid |
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in watera substance that release hydroixde ions |
base
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an ionic compound produced by an acid-base reaction |
salt |
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In these reactions 2 different molecules or atoms come together to form a single substance |
Combination or synthesis |
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In these reactions, a single substances is broken down into two or more simpler substances |
Decomposition reaction |
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g denotes |
gas |
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In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state |
Single Replacement |
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In single replacement reactions must check |
activity series |
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In these reactions anions swap partners |
double replacement |
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A double replacement reaction goes to completion if: |
One of the products is a gas an unionized substance is formed (h2o, NH3) An insoluble substance is formed |
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In double replacement reactions must check |
Solubility rules |
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Combination reaction formula |
A+Z = AZ |
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Decomposition reaction formula |
AZ plus heat = A+Z |
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Single replacement reaction formula |
A + BZ = AZ + B |
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Double replacement reaction formula |
AX+ BZ = AZ + BX |
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Neutralization reaction formula |
HX + BOH = BX + HOH |
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The ratio of moles of reactants and products according to the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation |
molar volume |
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The principle that equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules at the same temperature and pressure |
Avagardro's theory
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The principle that mass is neither gained or lost during a chemical reaction |
law of conservation of mass
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The mass in grams of 1 mole of substance |
molar mass
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The relationship of quantities (i.e. mass of a substance, or volume of a gas) in a chemical reaction according to the balanced equation |
Stoichmetry
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A type of stoichiometry calculation that relates the masses of two substances |
mass-mass problem
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A type of stoichiometry calculation that relates the mass of a substance to the volume of a gas |
mass-volume problem
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A type of stoichiometry calculation that relates the volumes of two gases at the same temperature and pressure |
volume-volume problem
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the volume of 1 mol of gas at STP that is 22.4 L/mol |
molar volume
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A temperature of 0 celcius and a pressure of 1 ATM |
Standard Temperature an pressure
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The principle that states the volume of gasses that react in a chemical reaction are in the ration of small whole numbers |
Law of combining volumes
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The substance in a chemical reaction that controls the maximum amount of product formed |
limiting reacting
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The amount of product experimentally obtained from a given amount of reactant |
actual yield
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The amount of product calculated to be obtained from a given amount of reactant |
Theoretical yeild
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The actual yield compared to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent |
Percent yeild
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