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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the capacity to do work or to cause heat flow
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energy
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energy can be converted from one form to another but can neither be created nor destroyed
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law of conservation of energy
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energy due to position or composition
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potential energy
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(½mv2)
energy due to the motion of an object; dependent on the mass of the object ans the square of its velocity |
kinetic energy
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energy transferred between two objects due to a temperature difference between them
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heat
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force acting over a distance
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work
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a property that is independent of the pathway
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state function (property)
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that part of the universe on which attention is focused
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system
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everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system
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surroundings
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refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows out of the system
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exothermic
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refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows into the system
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endothermic
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the study of energy and its interconversion
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thermodynamics
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the energy of the universe is constant; same as the law of conservation of energy
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first law of thermodynamics
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a property of a system that can be changed by a flow of work, heat, or both; ^E = q + w, where ^E is the change in the internal energy of the system, q is heat, and w is work
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internal energy
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a property of a system equal to E + PV, where E is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system. At constant pressure the change in enthalpy equals the energy flow as heat
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enthalpy
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the science of measuring heat flow
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calorimetry
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the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius
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heat capacity
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the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
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specific heat capacity
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the energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius
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molar heat capacity
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in going from a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the enthalpy change is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a summary of steps; in summary, enthalpy is a state function
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Hess’s law
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the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound at 25º C from its elements, with all substances in their standard states at that temperature
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standard enthalpy of formation
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a reference state for a specific substance defined according to a set of conventional definitions
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standard state
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coal, petroleum, or natural gas; consists of carbon-based molecules derived from decomposition of once-living organisms
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fossil fuels
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a warming effect exerted by the earth’s atmosphere (particularly CO2 and H2O) due to thermal energy retained by absorption of infrared radiation
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greenhouse effect
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synthetic gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, obtained by coal gasification
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syngas
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