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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinetic energy |
The energy an object has because of its motion |
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Kinetic theory |
States that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion |
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Gas pressure |
Defined as the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object |
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Vacuum |
Empty space, with no particles, and no pressure |
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Atmospheric pressure |
Results from the collisions of air molecules with objects |
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Barometers |
Devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure |
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Pascal (Pa) |
The SI unit of pressure |
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Standard atmosphere (atm) |
One atm is the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 degrees Cel just
1atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa |
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Vaporization |
The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor |
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Evaporation |
Conversion occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling |
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Vapor pressure |
Particles collide with the walls of the sealed container to produce vapor pressure |
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Boiling point |
(bp) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure |
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Normal boiling point |
Defined as the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa |
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Melting point |
(Mp) is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid |
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Crystal |
Most solid substance. The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid substance are arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3-dimensional pattern called the crystal lattice |
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Unit cell |
The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal is known as a unit cell |
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Allotropes |
Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state |
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Amorphous solids |
Lack an ordered internal structure (rubber, plastics, asphalts) |
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Glasses |
Amorphous solids Transparent fusion products of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing |
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Phase diagram |
Gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance in a sealed container are best represented in a single graph |
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Triple point |
Meeting point where all three phases can exist in equilibrium with eachother |
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Sunlimation |
The change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state |
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Thermochemistry |
Concerned with the Heat changes that occur during chemical reactions |
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Energy |
The capacity for doing work or supplying heat |
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Chemical potential energy |
Energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances |
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Heat |
Represented by: q Energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them |
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System |
Part of the universe on which you focus your attention |
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Surroundings |
Everything else in the universe |
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Universe |
Together the system and its surroundings constitute the universe |
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Law of conservation of energy |
States that in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed |
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Endothermic process |
Process that absorbs heat |
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Exothermic processs |
Process that released heat to its surroundings |
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Calorie |
Defined as the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 degree Celsius |
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Joule |
The SI unit of heat and energy named after the English physicist 1 J = 0.2390 cal |
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Heat capacity |
The amount of heat needed to increase the temp of an object exactly 1 degree Celsius of that object |
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Specific heat capacity |
Or specific heat, of a substance is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
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Calorimetry |
The accurate and precise measurement of heat change for chemical and physical processes |
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Calorimeter |
The insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes |
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Enthalpy (H) |
For systems at constant pressure, the heat content is the same as a property (H) of the system |
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Thermochemical equation |
An equation that includes the heat change |
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Heat of reaction |
The heat change for the equation exactly as it is written |
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Heat of combustion |
The heat of reaction for the completed burning of one mile of a substance |
