Chem Ch.15

Front 1

solution

Back 1

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state

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solute

Back 2

the substance that is dissolved

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solvent

Back 3

the substance that does the dissolving

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soluble

Back 4

a substance that dissolves in another substance is said to be <

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insoluble

Back 5

a substance that does not dissolve in another is said to be <

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alloy

Back 6

the most common solid solutions containing two or more metals

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miscible

Back 7

pairs of liquids can mix in any amount - called miscible in all proportions

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immiscible

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liquids that cannot mix in any proportions - oil and water

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aqueous solution

Back 9

solution with water as the solvent

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concentration

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the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution

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molarity

Back 11

defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in each liter of solution

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molality

Back 12

the number of moles of solute dissolved in each kilogram of solvent

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mole fraction

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the number of moles of one component divided by the total number of moles in the solution

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saturated

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if a solution contains as much solute as can possibly be dissolved under the existing conditions of temp and pressure

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unsaturated

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solution that has ess than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved

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supersaturated

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solution that contains a greater amount of solute than that needed to form a saturated solution

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solvation

Back 17

the interaction between solute and solvent particles

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hydration

Back 18

the interaction between solute and solvent when the solvent is water

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solubility

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the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions

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colligative property

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a property that depends on the concentration of solute particles but is independent of their nature

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vapor pressure reduction

Back 21

colligative property where the pressure of the vapor over a solvent is reduced when a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in the solvent; vapor pressure reduction is directly related to the concentration of a solution

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boiling point elevation

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the amount by which the boiling temperature is raised

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freezing point depression

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the colligative property which describes the ability of a dissolved solute to lower the freezing point of its solution

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osmosis

Back 24

flow of solvent particles from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a semipermeable membrane

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osmotic pressure

Back 25

the pressure required to prevent osmosis