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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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activated complex
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transitional structure that results from an effective
collision and that persists while old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming (535) |
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activation energy
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the minimum energy required to transform the reactants into
an activated complex (534) |
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calorimeter
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a device used to measure the heat absorbed or released in a
chemical or physical change (511) |
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catalysis
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the action of a catalyst (540)
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catalyst
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a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
being permanently consumed (540) |
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chemical kinetics
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the area of chemistry that is concerned with reaction rates
and reaction mechanisms (538) |
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collision theory
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set of assumptions regarding collisions and reactions (532)
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enthalpy change
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the amount of energy absorbed or lost by a system during a
process at constant pressure (516) |
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entropy
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measure of the degree of randomness of the particles, such as
molecules, in a system (527) |
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free energy
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the combined enthalpy-entropy function of a system (528)
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free-energy change
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the difference between the change in enthalpy, ΔH, and the
product of the Kelvin temperature and the entropy change, which is defined as TΔS, at a constant pressure and temperature (528) |
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heat
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the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in
their temperature (512) |
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heat of combustion
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energy released as heat by the complete combustion of one
mole of a substance (519) |
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heat of reaction
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the quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a
chemical reaction (514) |
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Hess’s law
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the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of the
enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process (519) |
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heterogeneous catalyst
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a catalyst whose phase is different from that of the
reactants (540) |
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heterogeneous reaction
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a reaction involving reactants in two different
phases (538) |
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homogeneous catalyst
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a catalyst that is in the same phase as all the reactants
and products in a reaction system (540) |
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homogeneous reaction
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a reaction whose reactants and products exist in a
single phase (532) |
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intermediate
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a species that appears in some steps of a reaction but not in the
net equation (532) |
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joule
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the SI unit of heat energy as well as all other forms of energy (511)
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molar heat of formation
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the heat released or absorbed when one mole of a
compound is formed by the combination of its elements (517) |
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rate-determining step
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the slowest-rate step for a chemical reaction (543)
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rate law
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an equation that relates the reaction rate and concentrations of
reactants (542) |
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reaction mechanism
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the step-by-step sequence of reactions by which the
overall chemical change occurs (531 |
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reaction rate
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the change in concentration of reactants per unit time as a reaction
proceeds (538) |
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specific heat
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the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one
gram of substance by one Celsius degree (1° C) or one kelvin (1 K) (512) |
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temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample
of matter (511) |
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thermochemical equation
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an equation that includes the quantity of heat
released or absorbed during the reaction as written (515) |
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thermochemistry
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the study of the changes in heat energy that accompany
chemical reactions and physical changes (511) |
