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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an acyl group?
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RCO
R---C=O |
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Compare boiling points of alkanes, ethers, alcohols, and carboxylic acids of similar size.
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Alkane
Ester Amide Alcohol Carboxcylic acids |
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Responsible for the sting of some ants
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formic acid
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The carboxylic acid found in vinegar
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acetic acid
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What is the carboxylic acid that gives sour milk its characteristic taste?
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lactic acid
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Explain how aspirin can relieve pain and reduce inflammation
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It blocks/prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid
Prostaglandins-carboxylic acids containing 20 carbons that are responsible for both of these physiological responses |
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List four reasons why one might take an aspirin. Use medical terms!!
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anticoagulant
analgesic antipyretic antiinflammatory |
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Responsible for the odor and taste of many fruits
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esters
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Which amide is thought to induce sleep?
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melatonin
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Why should one avoid taking large doses of acetaminophen?
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in large doses it can cause liver damage
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Why is sodium benzoate added to soft drinks?
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It inhibits the growth of fungus by increasing the pH of the product thus preventing furthur growth of microoragnisms
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Soaps are
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salts of long chain carboxylic acids
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How does soap dissolve oil and grease?
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When soap is mixed with water the nonpolar carbon tails dissolve the dirt in the interior of the micelle.
The polar head remains on the surface to interact with water. The micelles are water soluble. Soaps remove nonpolar hydrocarbon material from skin and clothes by dissolving it in the polar solvent water. |
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What happens to water solubility of large carboxylic acids when they are neutralized?
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They become water soluble.
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What do humans use triacylglycerols for?
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long term energy storage
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Why doesn’t the consumption of olestra lead to fat storage in the human body?
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Because it cannot be metabolized or absorbed. It passes through the body unchanged providing no calories to the consumer.
There are too many ester units clustered together that they are too crowed to be hydrolyzed. |
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List two uses for Kevlar
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bulletproof vests
army helmets protective clothing used by fire fighters |
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How long will dissolving sutures remain intact in the human body?
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weeks in order for healing and scar formation to occur
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How does penicillin kill bacteria? Why doesn’t penicillin have a similar affect in humans?
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Penicillin inhibits formation of crosslinks in the cell wall
Without crosslinks the cell wall is fragile and easy to rupture and the bacteria dies Bacteria have a cell wall and humans don't. Because we do not have a cell wall it doesn't affect us. |
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foul odor associated with dirty socks in locker room
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hexanoic acid
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Made in large quanities in a diabetic person who needs insulin
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acetone
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salts of carboxylic acids commonly used as
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preservative
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prolongs shelf life of baked goods and other foods
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potassium sorbate
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