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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an atom? |
An atom is the smallest component of an element that has the same chemical properties of that element and which can undergo chemical changes in a reaction. |
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What is a molecule? |
A molecule is a single unit of 2 or more atoms bonded together. |
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What is a compound? |
A compound is a molecule made of 2 or more different types of atoms(different elements) that are chemically bonded together, e.g. H20. |
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How does an atom get its identity? |
An atom gets its identity from the number of protons in the nucleus(atomic number). |
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What is the atomic number? |
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus. |
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What is the mass number? |
The mass of an atom(no. of protons and neutrons in an atom) in a.m.u. |
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How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom? |
Mass Number - Atomic Number |
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What is Calcium important in the body for? |
Muscle Contractions Nervous impulses Blood Coagulation Structure of bones and teeth |
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What is Chlorine important in the body for? |
Principal Extracellular anion |
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What is Iodine important in the body for? |
Component of Thyroxine |
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What is Iron important in the body for? |
Component of Haemoglobin |
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What is Nitrogen important in the body for? |
Component of proteins and nucleic acids |
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What is Oxygen important in the body for? |
Cellular Respiration |
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What is Phosphorous important in the body for? |
Component of ATP - The body's chemical form of energy. |
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What is Potassium important in the body for? |
Nervous impulses, main intracellular cation |
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What is Sodium important in the body for? |
Fluid balance, Nervous impulses, main extracellular cation |
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Draw the Bohr model of the 1st 20 electrons on the periodic table |
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What is an isotope? |
An atom of the same element with different masses(different numbers of neurons). |
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What is the periodic table? |
A systematic catalogue of the elements, where they are arranges in order of their atomic number. |
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What are the rows of a Periodic table called? |
Periods |
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What are the columns of a Periodic table called? |
Groups |
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What have elements in the same group on the periodic table got in common? |
Similar chemical properties |
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What is the name of group 1A on the periodic table and what are their elements? |
Alkali Metals. Elements are: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium. |
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What is the name of group 2A on the periodic table and what are their elements? |
Alkaline Earth Metals. Elements are: Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Radium. |
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What is the name of group 6A on the periodic table and what are their elements? |
Chalcogens. Elements are: Oxygen, Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium, Polonium. |
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What is the name of group 7A on the periodic table and what are their elements? |
Halogens. Elements are: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine. |
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What is the name of group 8A on the periodic table and what are their elements? |
Noble Gases. Elements are: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. |
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Where are metals on the periodic table? |
On the left side of the table. |
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What are the properties of a metal? |
A metal: Generally conducts electricity. Generally Shiny. " Malleable " Ductile - Can be pulled into a wire. Metals tend to give away e-. Metals tend to conduct heat well. |
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Where are the non-metals on the Periodic Table? |
On the Right side of the table. |
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What are the properties of non-metals? |
Don't conduct e- Tend to be gases Don't conduct heat well. |
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Where are the metalloids? |
Metalloids norder the stair-step line on the table |
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Why does Bonding occur? |
Bonding occurs because all atoms try to have a full outer shell and will lose, gain or share e- to do so. |
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How many types of bonding are there and what are they? |
2 Types: Ionic and Covalent bonding. Ionic bonding: is a chemical bond resulting from the transfer of e- from one bonding atom to another(1 atom gives away e-) Covalent bonding: is a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of e- between 2 bonding atoms. |
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Draw some examples of ionic and covalent bonding. |
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What is ionisation energy? |
The energy required to form an ion |
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How can we determine if an atom wants to give away or receive an e-? |
The closer an atom is to getting a full shell makes it harder for it to give away e-. For example, it is harder for an atom to give away 7e- from its outer shell than it is for an atom with 1e- in its outer shell to give it away. |
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Why is the structure of H2O the way it is? |
O has more control over the e- it shares with H. This leads to a separation of charge as O becomes slightly - while the H atoms become slightly +. |
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What is an element? |
A substance consisting of atoms with the same no. of protons. i.e. same atomic no. Elements can't be broken down with chemical methods as they are the simplest chemical substances. |
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What are the elements found in the body? |
Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Potassium chloride Sulphur Phosphorus Sodium Calcium Trace elements of Mg, Fe and Chromium |
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What is an Organic Compound? |
A compound which has 1 or more atoms of carbon covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly Hydrogen, Oxygen or Nitrogen. |
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Why are there so many Carbon compounds? |
This is due to its position on the Periodic Table. It's in the centre of the 2nd row and neither wants to give up or take e- but is happy to share them. |
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What is an Alkane? |
An Alkane only contains Carbon and Hydrogen joined by single bonds. |
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What are the First 4 Carbon Prefixes? |
Meth- = 1 Carbon present Eth- = 2 Carbons present Prop- = 3 Carbons present But- = 4 Carbons present |
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Draw Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane |
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How do we name more complex Organic compounds? |
The first part of the names comes from the number of Carbons(Meth, Eth etc). Then when a hydrogen in the Alkane is replaced with a functional group(like -OH), the name is taken from the name of the alkane(e.g Methanol). The ending denotes the type of compound(-OH present = alcohol, double bone =-ene) |
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What is an alkene? |
A compound with a double bond between 2 carbons. |
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Draw Examples of alkenes |
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What is an Alkyne? |
A compound with a triple bond between two Carbons |
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What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats? |
Saturated fats have no double bonds(so can't potentially take on any more carbon atoms) and are solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats have double bonds(so can potentially take on more carbons) and are liquid at room temperature. |
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Why are double bonds unsaturated? |
Double bonds can hypothetically be broken and bond more atoms to the Carbons -> Unsaturated. |
