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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These are a major source of energy from our diet.
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Carbohydrates
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What 3 Elements compose Carbohydrates?
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C, H and O
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Carbohydrates are also called __________ which means "sugars"
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saccharides
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Saccharides means __________.
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Sugars
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What produces carbohydrates?
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Photosynthesis in plants
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Photosynthesis in plants produces ___________.
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates such as glucose are synthesized in plants from _____, _______ and energy from the _____.
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CO2, H20 & Energy from the sun.
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Carbohydrates are oxidized in living cells to produce ______, _______ and energy,
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CO2, H20 & Energy
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What are the three types of carbohydrates?
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Monosaccharides, Disachharides and Polysaccharides
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The simplest carbohydrates.
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Monosaccharides
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Consists of two monosachharides.
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Disaccharide
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Contains many monosaccharides.
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Polysaccharide
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Monosaccharides consist of ____-_____ carbon atoms typically.
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3-6
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Monosaccharides consist of ____,____ carbon atoms typically, a ________ group (aldehyde or keytone), and several _______ groups.
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3,6 carbon atom
carbonyl group several hydroxyl groups |
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A monosaccharide with an aldehyde group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
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Aldoses
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ALDOSES are ________ with an aldehyde group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
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Monosaccharides
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A TRIOSE is a(n) __________ with ____ carbon atoms.
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Aldose; 3
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A TETROSE is a(n) _________ with ______ carbon atoms.
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Aldose; 4
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A PENTOSE is a(n) __________ with _____ carbon atoms.
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Aldose; 5
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A HEXOSE is a(n) _____________with ______ carbon atoms.
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Aldose; 6
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Monosaccharides with a ketone group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
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Ketoses
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Ketoses are ________ with a ketone group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
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monosaccharides
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Ketoses are monosaccharides with a __________ group and many ________ (-OH) groups.
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Ketone group and many hydroxly groups
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System used to represent carbohydrates.
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Fischer projection
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In Fisher Projections the most oxidized group is place at the _______.
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Top
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Ribulose has five carbon atoms with a ketone group. What would the name of this structure be?
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Five carbon atoms= pentose
Ketone Group = Keto Answer: Ketopentose |
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Glucose has six carbon atoms with an aldehyde group. What would the name of this structure be?
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Six carbon atoms = hexose
Aldehyde group = Aldo Answer: Aldohexose |
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CHO
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Aldose
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CH=O
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Aldose
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C=O
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Ketose
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Ketose consists of ____=____.
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C=O
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What determines a D or L isomer.
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The -OH group on the chiral carbon. D-isomer is on the right. L-isomer is on the left.
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Found in fruits, corn syrup and hone. An aldohexose with the formular C(6)H(12)O(6). Known as blood sugar in the body. Monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose and glycogen.
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D-Glucose
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A ketohexose C(6)H(12)O(6). The sweetest carbohydrate. Found in fruit juices and honey. Converts to glucose in the body.
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D-Fructose
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An aldohexose C(6)H(12)O(6). Is not found free in nature. Is obtained from lactose, a disaccharide. Has a similar structure to glucose except for the -OH on carbon 4.
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D-Galactose
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