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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Covalent bonding models; 2 theories
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1) localized bond model
aka valence bond theory 2) molecular orbital model |
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covalent bond results from the overlap of ...
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singly occupied orbitals
- each orbital has one electron |
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sigma bond
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greatest electron density is along the axis
- the electron is shared in an area centered on a line running between atoms |
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hybridization
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mixing
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Pi bond
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the greatest electron density is above or below the axis. No electron density on axis.
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sigma bonds are ___ than pi bonds
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stronger
- not 2 times as strong because a pi bond consists of 1 sigma 1 pi |
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Double bonds
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1 σ + 1 π
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Triple bonds
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1 σ + 2 π
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Molecular orbital theory
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covalent bond results from mathematical combination to from molecular orbitals
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node
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region with no probability of finding electrons
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2 atomic orbitals →
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2 molecular orbitals
- 1 anti bonding MO - 1 bonding MO |
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molecular orbitals cover ...
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the entire molecule
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MO's are formed by combining of ______.
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atomic orbitals
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# MO's formed =
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# atomic orbitals combined
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Bonding MO's
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lower in energy than the starting atomic orbitals
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Anti-bonding MO's
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higher in energy than the starting atomic orbitals
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Nonbonding MO's
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same energy at the starting atomic orbitals
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Bonding order=
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½ (#bonding electrons - # anti-bonding electrons)
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BO= zero
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bond does not exist
- molecule not stable |
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Paramagnetism
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attracted into the inducing magnetic field
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diamagnetism
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repelled from inducing magnetic field
-pair electrons |