Chem 2B Ch. 14 Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis

Front 1

The compact, orderly tangle of DNA that occupies the nucleus when the a cell is not actively dividing.

Back 1

chromatin

Front 2

DNA is twisted around organizing proteins called:

Back 2

histones

Front 3

During cell division, chromatin becomes more compact, and organizes itself into:

Back 3

chromosomes

Front 4

The nucleic acid that stores genetic information; a polymer of deoxyribonulceotides.

Back 4

DNA

Front 5

A complex of proteins and DNA, visible during cell division.

Back 5

Chromosomes

Front 6

A segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a single polypeptide.

Back 6

Gene

Front 7

A 5-carbon sugar bonded to a cyclic amine base and a phosphate group; the monomer for nucleic acids.

Back 7

Nucleotide

Front 8

A polymer of nucleotides:

Back 8

Nucleic acid

Front 9

Nucleic acids responsible for putting the genetic information to use in protein synthesis; a polymer of ribonucleotides. Includes messenger, transfer, and ribosomal:

Back 9

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Front 10

A 5-carbon sugar bonded to a cyclic amine base; like a nucleotide but with no phosphate group.

Back 10

Nucleoside

Front 11

During cell division, chromatin organizes itself into _______, Each __________ contains a different _________. Each _______, in turn, is composed of many ________.

Back 11

During cell division, chromatin organizes itself into CHROMOSOMES, Each CHROMOSOME contains a different DNA MOLECULE. Each DNA MOLECULE, in turn, is composed of many GENES.

Front 12

Proteins are polypeptides, carbohydrates are polysaccharides, while nucleic acids are:

Back 12

polynucleotides

Front 13

Each nucleotide has three parts:

Back 13

a five-membered cyclic monosaccharide, a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound known as a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Front 14

There are two classes of nucleic acids:

Back 14

DNA and RNA

Front 15

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back 15

They differ in the sugar of their nucleotides. DNA is made from a 2-deoxy-D-ribose, while RNA is made from a D-ribose.

Front 16

What is the structural difference between 2-deoxy-D-ribose and D-ribose?

Back 16

2-deoxy-D-ribose is missing an oxygen atom in the carbon 2 position.

Front 17

The cyclic amine bases of nucleotides are called:

Back 17

nitrogenous bases

Front 18

How many kinds of nitrogenous bases are there in DNA and RNA?
How many parent compounds are they derived from?

Back 18

5; they are all derived from 2 parent compounds; purine and pyrimidine.

Front 19

Which nitrogenous bases come from purine; which come from pyrimidine?

Back 19

2 come from purine: Adenine and Guanine
3 come from pyrimidine: Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine.

Front 20

Thymine is present only in:
Uracil is present only in:

Back 20

Thymine is present only in DNA.
Uracil is present only in RNA.

Front 21

How are nucleosides named?

Back 21

Nucleoside names are the nitrogenous base name with the suffix -osine for the purines and -idine for the pyrimidines.

Front 22

For nucleosides that contain a deoxyribose, what prefix is used?

Back 22

deoxy-

Front 23

What are the names of the four nucleosides found in RNA and the four found in DNA?

Back 23

RNA: adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine.
DNA: deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine.

Front 24

How does numbering of atoms in nucleosides differ between the base and the sugar ring?

Back 24

carbon atoms in the sugar ring are numbered with primes; those in the base without primes.

Front 25

Nucleotides are named by:

Back 25

adding 5'-monophosphate to the end of the name of the nucleoside.

Front 26

A nucleotide that contains D-ribose.

Back 26

Ribonucleotide

Front 27

A nucleotide that contains 2-deoxy-D-ribose.

Back 27

Deoxyribonucleotide

Front 28

Between C and G there are _____ bonds.
Between A and T there are ______ bonds.

Back 28

Between C and G there are 3 bonds.
Between A and T there are 2 bonds.