Chem 2 Test 2

Front 1

what is the study of matter by investigating light, sound, or particles that are emitted, absorbed, or scattered

Back 1

spectroscopy

Front 2

what are three ways to measure reaction rates?

Back 2

spectroscopy
electrical conductance measurement
pressure measurement

Front 3

how is reaction rate measured?

Back 3

rate=-change[A]/change(t)
[A]=molarity of A

Front 4

What is the Rate Law

Back 4

aA+bB----->cC+dD
Rate=k([A]^x)([B]^y)
reaction is xth order in A,
yth order in B, and
(x+y)th order overall

Front 5

In a first order reaction what equation would we use to find the time it takes for a Molarity concentration to half for example?

Back 5

ln[A]=ln[A]o -kt
where [A] is final concentration [A]o is initial concentration, k is the concentration factor, and t is time

Front 6

what is the equation for half life of a first order reaction?

Back 6

t(1/2)=ln(2)/k

Front 7

How do you know if a reaction is first order?

Back 7

if the units involved with the concentration factor have 1/s or inverse seconds.

Front 8

what is the half life of a second order reaction?

Back 8

t(1/2)=1/k[A]o

Front 9

what is the half life of a zero order reaction?

Back 9

t(1/2)=[A]o/2k

Front 10

what are the rate equations for zero,first,second and third order reactions

Back 10

zero:
-d[A]/dt=k
First:
-d[A]/dt=k[A]
Second:
-d[A]/dt=k[A]^2
Third:
-d[A]/dt=k[A]^3

Front 11

What are the concentration-Time equations for Zero, first, and second order equations

Back 11

Zero:
[A]=[A]o-kt
First:
ln[A]=ln[A]o-kt
Second:
1/[A]=(1/[A]o)-kt

Front 12

k = A*exp(-Ea/R*T)
what equation is this and what does everything mean

Back 12

Arrhenius Equation
k=rate constant
A=frequency factor
Ea=energy of activation
R=gas constant
T=absolute temperature

Front 13

what does Molecularity mean?

Back 13

Number of Molecules reacting in the elementary step

Front 14

What is a catalyst?

Back 14

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction

Front 15

What are the three types of catalysts?

Back 15

Heterogeneous Catalysis
Homogeneous Catalysis
Enzyme Catalysis

Front 16

How do we calculate the equilibrium constant and how do we determine the lie?

Back 16

aA + bB<--------->cC + dD
k=([C]^c)([D]^d)/(([A]^a)([B]^b)
if k is greater than 1 than lie is to the right
if k is less than 1 than lie is to the left

Front 17

Out of gases,liquids, and solids what are the only things included in the equilibrium concentration factor equation?

Back 17

gases!
liquids and solids are not included!!!

Front 18

how do you find change of n

Back 18

moles of gas products -moles gas reactants

Front 19

what is Qc and what does it predict?

Back 19

Qc=[products]/[reactants]
if Qc>kc proceeds from right
if Qc<kc proceeds from left
if Qc=kc at equilibrium
carrot points to the direction it proceeds from

Front 20

what are 4 factors that affect equilibrium?

Back 20

concentration
pressure
volume
and temperature

Front 21

For the following things say if they shift equilibrium, or change equilibrium concentration or both

Back 21

shifts equil changes equil K
concentration :
yes no
Pressure:
yes no
Volume:
yes no
temp:
yes yes
catalyst:
no no