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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rate |
change in molarity of the reactants per second |
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Rate law exponents |
are the order of each reactant X^y=Z overall order of a reaction is the sum of the exponents in the rate law |
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Rate order graphs: Zero order- First order- Second order- |
1. [A] vs time is linear, slope =-k 2. ln[A] vs time is linear, slope=-k 3. 1/[A] vs time is linear with slope =k |
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What does/doesn't a catalyst change? |
Changes: Activation energy Doesn't change: equilibrium, entropy, gibbs free energy, enthalpy, percent yield. |
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What are the three kinds of heat exchange? |
convection radiation conduction |
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Heat capacity |
the amount of energy (joules or calories) a system must absorb to give a unit change in temperature. (J/K or cal/degC) C=q/∂T |
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SPECIFIC heat capacity |
c (little c) =q/m∂T or q=mc∂T Cs of water is 4.18J/gdegC |
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First law of thermodynamics |
energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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Second law of thermodynamics |
heat cannot be changed completely into work in a cyclical process Entropy in an isolated system can never decrease. |
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Third law of thermodynamics |
pure crystalline substances at absolute zero have an entropy of zero
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Zeroth law of thermodynamics |
everything tends to move toward thermal equilibrium with everything else. Direct relationship between KE and T. KE=3/2kboltzT |
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Enthalpy |
The energy contained within chemical bonds (Joules) Bonds broken mean energy is required so the bond energy is positive. if a bond is broken, it's a negative sign. |
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Entropy |
a measure of the randomness or disorder in a system. Reactions at equilibrium have maximum randomness and thus entropy |
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Gibbs free energy |
the amount of free or useful energy available to do work as a result of running an isothermal, isobaric reaction. |