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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Rate

change in molarity of the reactants per second

Rate law exponents

are the order of each reactant


X^y=Z


overall order of a reaction is the sum of the exponents in the rate law

Rate order graphs:


Zero order-


First order-


Second order-

1. [A] vs time is linear, slope =-k


2. ln[A] vs time is linear, slope=-k


3. 1/[A] vs time is linear with slope =k

What does/doesn't a catalyst change?

Changes: Activation energy


Doesn't change: equilibrium, entropy, gibbs free energy, enthalpy, percent yield.

What are the three kinds of heat exchange?

convection


radiation


conduction

Heat capacity

the amount of energy (joules or calories) a system must absorb to give a unit change in temperature. (J/K or cal/degC)


C=q/∂T

SPECIFIC heat capacity

c (little c) =q/m∂T or q=mc∂T


Cs of water is 4.18J/gdegC

First law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Second law of thermodynamics

heat cannot be changed completely into work in a cyclical process


Entropy in an isolated system can never decrease.

Third law of thermodynamics

pure crystalline substances at absolute zero have an entropy of zero


Zeroth law of thermodynamics

everything tends to move toward thermal equilibrium with everything else.


Direct relationship between KE and T.


KE=3/2kboltzT

Enthalpy

The energy contained within chemical bonds (Joules)


Bonds broken mean energy is required so the bond energy is positive. if a bond is broken, it's a negative sign.

Entropy

a measure of the randomness or disorder in a system.


Reactions at equilibrium have maximum randomness and thus entropy

Gibbs free energy

the amount of free or useful energy available to do work as a result of running an isothermal, isobaric reaction.