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53 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Ifmolecule contains only C, H and O - How do you calculate DBE?

CaHbOc - DBE = [(2a + 2) - b]/ 2

How do trivalent atoms alter the DBE?

Count monovalent atoms (Cl, Br etc) ashydrogens and add them to b




Count trivalent atoms (N, P etc) asd




CaHbOcNd - DBE = [(2a + 2) - (b - d)]/2

If ε is high – electronic transition occurs?

If ε is high – electronic transition occurs readily.

If ε is low – electronic transition ... ?

If ε is low – electronic transition does not occur readily.

What is an "allowed" ε transition?

ε > x103 ‘allowed’ transition

What is a "forbidden" ε transition?

ε <100 ‘forbidden’ transition

Substituentswhich increase the extinction coefficient are ... ?

Substituentswhich increase the extinction coefficient are hyperchromic

Substituentswhich decrease the extinction coefficient are ... ?

Substituents which decrease the extinction coefficient are hypochromic

What is the Beer-Lambert Law?

A= Log(Io/I) = εcL




Where:


A - Absorbance


Io - Intensity of incident light


I - Intensity of transmitted light


ε - Molar absorptivity


c - Concentration in mol/L


L - Path length in cm

π→π* happens at what wave length? And in what systems?

λmax ~ 200 nm, conjugated or aromatic systems

n → π* happens at what wave length? And in what systems?

λmax ~300 nm, aldehyde or ketones

INFRA-RED




-OH ?

Broad absorption - 3000-3500

INFRA-RED




≡C-H ?

Sharp and strong ~3300

IR




C-H? Sp2/Sp3??

- 2700 -3100




strong for sp3, weaker for sp2

IR




COOH

Broad - 2500-3500

IR




Aldehyde? Confirmed at what peak?

1690-1750 confirmed by C-H ~2700-3100

IR




Ester? Confirmed by?

1735 - 1750 confirmed by C-O ~1000-1300

IR



C=C,C=N?

1500-1650

IR




C=C,Aromatic?

~1600

IR




NO2

Strong ~ 1550

IR




N-H





Broad, - 3000-3500



IR




Amide?

1690-1700

IR




C-O

1000-1300, if strong alcohol/ester/ether

2Jab is what coupling?

Geminal

3Jab is what coupling?

Vicinal

4Jab is what coupling?

Long Range

C13




R-CH3

8-35

C13




R-CH2-R

15-50

C13




R-CH-(R)2

20-60

C13




(R)4C

30-40

C13




TRIPLE - C

65-85

C13




= C

100-150

C13




BENZENE C

110-170

C13




C-N

40-60

C13




AMIDE

165-175

C13




ESTER

165-175

C13




COOH

175-185

C13




ALDEHYDE

190-200

C13




KETONE

200-250

H1




CH3R

0.8-1.2

H1




RCH2R

1-1.5

RCHRR

1.2-1.8

H1




C=CCH2

2-3

H1




N-CH3

2.3-3.3

H1




O-CH3

3.4-4

H1




C=CH

5-8

H1




AROMATIC

6-9

H1




CH=O

9-10

H1




COOH

10-12

H1




R-OH

2-5

H1




RNH2

3-5

H1




CH3CN

2

H1




BENZENE

~7