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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the textbook definition of CHEMISTRY?
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The study fo the composition, properties, adn transformations of matter
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What is MATTER?
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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Define PURE SUBSTANCE
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only a single type of matter is present, it can't be separated into other substances
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What are the things matter can be classified into?
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Pure substance and Mixture
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Define Mixture
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Two or more pure substances intermingled
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What two things can pure substances be classified as?
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Elemental substances or compounds
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What is a compound?
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A pure substancce composed of atoms of two or more elements
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What are elements?
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Basic building blocks fo all matter (listed on periodic table by symbol).
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What are the two classifications of mixtures?
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Homogenous and Heterogenous
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What is a Heterogenous Mixture?
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non-uniform composition Ex: Marble
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What is a Homogenous Mixture?
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(a solution) Uniform composition throughout Ex: air
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Define Physical Transformations
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Change fo appearance or phase but NOT compostion
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Name the 6 phase changes
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1Freezing (liquid to solid), 2melting (solid to liquid), 3 vaporization (liquid to vapor), 4 condensation (gas to liquid), 5 sublimation (solid to gas), 6 Depostion (gas to solid)
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Are temperatures at which changes occur Physical or Chemical changes? Ex: boiling point
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Physical
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What are Intensive properties
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Properties that do not depend on the amount of material Ex: volume
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What are Extensive Properties?
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Properties that depend on the amount of material. Ex: mass
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What is a Chemical Property?
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a property of a substance that depends on the way it behaves when combined with another substance. A substance is transformed into a DIFFERENT substance.
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What are the two parts of a measurement?
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The number AND unit
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What is the standard system of measurements used in science?
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The SI system
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What is the Si unit for mass?
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Kilogram (kg)
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What is the Si unit for Length?
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meter (m)
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What is the SI unit for time?
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second (s)
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What is the SI unit for temperature?
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Kelvin (K)
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Wht is the SI unit for the amount of a substance?
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mole (mol)
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What is the SI unit for Electric Current?
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Ampere (A)
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What is the SI unit for Luminous Intensity?
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Candela (cd)
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What does tera (Tm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^12
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What does giga (Gm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^9
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What does mega (Mm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^6
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What does kilo (km) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^3
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What does deci (dm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-1
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What does cent (cm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-2
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What does milli (mm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-3
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What does micro mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-6
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What does nano (nm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-9
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What does pico (pm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-12
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What does femto (fm) mean in terms of conversion numbers?
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10^-15
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Define Volume
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The amount of space occupied by a substance
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Define Density
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Mass per unit volume of a substance (how much stuff is crammed into an amount of volume) Density=mass/volume
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Define Precision
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a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another.
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Define accuracy
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how closely individual measurements doffer from the average
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Significant Figures: When adding or subtracting, the sum or difference of the numbers should contain the same number of ____________ as the measurement with the LEAST ____________.
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Decimal Places; Decimal Places (The answer should have the same number of decimal places as the number in the problem with the least amount of decimal places)
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Significant Figures: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the product/quotient should have the same number of ___________as the number in the problem with the LEAST ____________.
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Significant Figures: Significant Figures
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Is the 0 in the number
105 significant? |
Yes, Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.
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Are the zeros in the number 0.00098 significant?
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No, Zeros at the beginnign of a number are never significant they indicate the postion of the decimal point.
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Are the zeros in the number 1900 significant?
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No, becasue there is not a decimal point, in order for zeros on the right to be considered significant, there must be a decimal.
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Are the zeros in the number 1900.0 significant?
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Yes, becuase zeros at the end of a number are significant if a decimal is present.
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