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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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electromagnetic radiation
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- electric and magnetic fields moving through space as waves, creating visible light, x-rays, microwaves, radiowaves, etc
- aka: radiant energy or electromagnetic energy |
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frequency
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- number of cycles the wave undergoes per second
- cycles per second - expressed in units of 1/second - aka: hertz |
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wavelength
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- distance between any point on a wave and the corresponding point on the next crest or trough
- distance the wave travels during one cycle - expressed in meters or nanometers (nm, 10^-9 m) or angstroms |
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Formula: speed of wave
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speed = frequency x wavelength
= (cycles/sec) x (m/cycle) = m/s |
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speed of light
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= all types of electromagnetic radiation travel at 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
= expressed as "c" - (3 sig figures) |
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amplitude
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- height of the crest (or depth of the trough) of each wave
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electromagnetic spectrum
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- range of all possible frequencies of visible light
- one end: long wavelengths (short frequencies - other end: short wavelengths (high frequencies) |
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refraction
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- when a light wave changes its speed (and therefore its direction) when it passes through a phase boundary (i.e. sunlight shining through water)
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diffraction
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- the bending of a wave as it strikes the edge of an object
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SI unit for "energy"
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- joules
- 1 J = 1 kg x m^2 / s^2 |
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photoelectric effect
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the flow of current when monochromatic light of sufficient frequency shines on a metal plate
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photons
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- a quantum of electromagnetic energy (a particle of light)
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line spectrum
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- a series of fine lines of individual colors separated by colorless (black) spaces
- each element has a unique one |
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ground state
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the electromagnetic configuration of an atom or ion that is lowest in energy
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excited state
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when an electron is in the second or any higher orbit than the ground state
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stationary state
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- an energy level of the atom, where the atom does not radiate energy
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