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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Substance |
Something with unique and identifiable set of properties |
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and occupies space |
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Physical property |
A property of a substance that can be found without creating a new substance |
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Extensive Physical property |
Depends on an amount present ea: Mass, volume ect.. |
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Intensive physical property |
Only depends on the nature the substance. |
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Chemical Property |
Abilty of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and change into new substances, either by itself or with other substances |
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Solid Phrase |
-Packed packed closed together, highly ordered with little movement -Doesnt readily change shape, rigid -Volume is not compressible |
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Liquid phrase |
-Particles in close contact but can slide past each other, not ordered as solids -Conforms to shape of container -volume is not compressible |
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Gas phrase |
-Widely seperated (Only contacts during collision), much less ordered than solids and liquids -Conforms to shape of container -Volume is compressible |
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Definition of hardness |
-The ability is resist scratching or abrasion |
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Definition of Malleability |
-The ability to be rolled or hammered into sheets |
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Definition of Ductility |
The ability to be stretched or drawn into wires |
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Definition of Lustre |
-Manner in which it reflects light |
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Definition of Viscosity |
-The resistance of a fluid to flow |
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Definition of diffusion |
Intermingling of fluids as a result of movement of particles |
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Definition of vapour |
-Gaseous material fluid formed by evepartion which boils above room temp
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Definition of vapour pressure |
Pressure created by vapour evaporated from liquid |
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Heterogeneous mixture |
-More than 1 phrase -Different properties regardless of composition -Mechanical mixture falls into this category |
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Homogeneous mixture |
-One phrase system -Particular composition has unchanging properties -Has uniform composition throughout, -Solution falls into this category ea: milk, coffee |
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Pure substance |
-Is homogeneous -Constant composition -Unchanging properties -More than 1 type of atom=Compound -1 Type of atom = element |
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Ion |
when an an atom loses and electron to create a charged ion |
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Ionization |
The process of becoming an ion |
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Cation |
-Positive ion |
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Anion |
negative ion |
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Ionic bond |
The force of attraction between a positive and negative ion forming an ionic compound |
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How to name ionic compounds |
-Metal and non metal -Metal first, then non metallic element -_____, ____-ide -If transitional, add Roman numeral after metallic element
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Covalent bond |
-Sharing of electrons between non metal and non metal -Is less strong than a ionic bond due to slectron being shared |
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Diatomic molecules |
-From a 7+1 on periodic table -N2 -O2 -F2 -Cl2 -I2 -Br2 -At2 -H2 |
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How to name covalent compounds |
-Prefix_____, prefix____-ide -No prefix for 1 if first element ea: Carbon Monoxide |
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how to name acids that do not contain oxygen? |
hydro______-ic acid |
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How to identify acids? |
-Usually starts with H |
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How to name acids that contain oxygen and contains -ate- ion? |
_______-ic acid |
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How to name acids that contain oxygen and contains -ite- ion? |
_______ous acid |
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Hand seperation |
-Seperation by hand or by use of sieve or magnet |
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Filtration |
-Separation of mechanical mixtures involving liquids and solids -CANNOT seperate dissolved solids, only workds when solids are big enough -Material which remain is called residue, and liquid which passes through is called filtrate |
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Evaporation |
-Allowing the liquid in a solid in liquid solution to boil away, leaving the solid |
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Distillation |
-Use to seperate 2 or more liquids with different boiling points -Mixture is boiled, liquid with lower boiling point evaporates, then is condensed in the condenser, then is dripped out of the condenser as the purified liquid, or distillate |
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Solvent Extraction, Solid in solid |
-2 Solids, one dissolved in solvent -Solvent is then dripped out, leaving the solid that does not dissolve behind -EA: Adding water to a sugar, sand mixture |
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Solvent Extraction, Liquid in Liquid |
-Liquid mixture, solvent has to be immiscible with solvent present and miscible with impurities -Solvent dissolves with miscible impurites and forms a solution -solution is then drained out, leaving desired substance behind -Is repeated until impurities are made littler, and littler |
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Recrystallization |
-solid is mixed with solvent -solvent is mixed and heated until solid is dissolved -impurities then dissolves in solvent -Solvent evaporates slowly, - leaves pure crystals -is then filtered or hand seperated to get only the crystals |
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Gravity Seperation |
-Solid in solid or solid in liquid -Is seperated based on density -Is placed in centrifuge and spun, leaving denser materials on the bottom
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Paper or Thin Layer Chromatography (Solid in liquid) |
-Solid in liquid is dropped onto one end of sheet and allowed to dry -Lower end is dipped into developing solvent -Solvent absorbs and goes upwards -Solid in liquid seperates with solids that has a greater tendency to dissolve will go up more |
