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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome |
A rodlike structure in the cell nucleus, along which the genes are located; it is composed of DNA surrounded by other material, mainly proteins |
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Polymer |
A substance composed of a large number of atoms; these atoms are usually arranged in repeating units, or monomers |
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Nucleotide |
The unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine- attached to a phosphate-sugar group |
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Complementary Base Pairing |
The specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in double-stranded DNA |
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Proteins |
Polymers of amino acids that play basic roles in the structures and functions of living things |
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Amino Acids |
The building blocks of proteins; there are twenty common amino acids; amino acids are linked to form a protein; the types of amino acids and the order in which tehy're linked determine the character of each protein |
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Human Genome |
The total DNA content found within the nucleus of a human cell; it is composed of approximately three billion base pairs of genetic information |
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Replication |
The synthesis of new DNA from existing DNA |
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell; this technique leads to millions of copies of a DNA strand |
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Primer |
A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR |
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Hybridization |
The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule. |
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Tandem Repeat |
A region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a core DNA sequence that are arranged in a repeating fashion. |
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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) |
Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DAN molecule with restriction enzymes |
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Short Tandem Repeat (STR) |
A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments consisting of three to seven repeating base pairs |
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Electrophoresis |
A technique for separating molecules trough their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential |
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Multiplexing |
A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis |
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Amelogenin Gene |
A genetic locus useful for determining gender |
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Y-STRs |
Short tandem repeats located on the human Y chromosome |
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Mitochondria |
Small structures located outside the nucleus of a cell; these structures supply energy to the cell; maternally inherited DNA is found in each mitochondria |
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Picogram |
One-trillionth of a gram, or .000000000001 gram |
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Low Copy Number |
Fewer than 18 DNA-bearing cells |
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Epithelial Cells |
The outer layer of skin cells; these DNA-bearing cells often fall off or are rubbed off onto objects retrieved from crime scenes |
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Touch DNA |
DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact |
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Substrate Control |
An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited |
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Buccal Cells |
Cells derived from the inner cheek lining |
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Sequencing |
A procedure used to determine the order of the base pairs that constitute DNA |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
The molecules carrying the body's genetic information; double stranded in the shape of a double helix |
