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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of Mass
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Measurement of amount of matter in an object.
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Definition of Weight
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Measurement of effect of gravity on an object.
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Standard unit of Mass in SI
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Kilogram
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Definition of Volume
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Measurement of amount of space occupied by matter.
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Definition of Thermal Energy
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Energy associated with the motion of small particles of matter.
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Definition of Temperature
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Measurement of intensity of thermal energy.
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Standard unit of measurement of temperature in SI
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Kelvin
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Definition of Density
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Ratio of mass of an object to the volume occupied.
D=Mass/Volume |
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Definition of Specific Gravity
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Ratio of the density of a substance to that of water at 4 degrees C
sp g= density of liquid or solid /density of water |
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Definition of element
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Fundamental substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substance by chemical means.
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Number of known elements
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116
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88 occur naturally
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Properties of Metals
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Solid at room temperature (except mercury), high luster, good conductors, malleable, ductile, high melting point, high density
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Properties of Nonmetals
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Non lustrous, low melting points, low densities, poor conductors.
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Properties of Metalloids
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Intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
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Definition of Diatomic Molecules
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Contain exactly two atoms.
Examples: |
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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Definition of Compound
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Two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass.
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Definition of Molecule
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Smallest uncharged unit of a compound
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Definition on Ion
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Positivity or negatively charged atom.
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Positively Charged Ion
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Cation
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Less electrons than protons
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Negatively Charged Ion
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Anion
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More electrons than protons
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Ionic Compound
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Metal + Nonmetal
(Electron transfer) |
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Molecular compound
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Nonmetal + Nonmetal
(Share electrons)5 |
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Definition of Substances
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One type of material, either element or compound
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Atomic Number
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Number of protons in element
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Liquid Elements
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Bromine, Mercury
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Gas Elements
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Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine,Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xeon, Radon
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Definition of "Noble"
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Non-reactive
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Definition of Potential Energy
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Stored energy
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Example: Water behind a dam
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Definition of Kinetic Energy
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Energy that matter has due to motion
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Example: A fish swimming
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Definition of Physical Properties
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Associated with physical existence: can be determined without altering composition
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Example: color, odor, taste, physical state, boiling/melting points, density
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Definition of Chemical Properties
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The ability of a substance to form new substances, either by reaction or decomposition.
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Chemical vs Physical Change
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Can substance return to original state?
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Definition of Physical Change
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Changes of physical properties or in state of matter but doesn't form new substance
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Examples: change of phase, dissolving, thermal expansion
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Definition of Chemical Change
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New substances are formed that have different properties and composition: chemical reaction
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Examples: burning, rusting, fermentation, tarnishing, digestion
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Conservation of Mass
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Matter cannot be created nor destroyed
Chemical reaction-mass of reactants = mass of products |
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Definition of Energy
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Capacity of matter to do work
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Specific Heat of Water
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4.184 J/gC
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= 1 calorie
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Derived unit of energy in SI
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Joule (J)
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Definition of Specific Heat
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Amount of heat required to change temperature of 1g of substance by 1 degree C
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Formula for calculating heat
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Mass x Specific Heat x (Tf- Ti)= heat
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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Energy is neither created nor destroyed
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