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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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States of Matter Gas State
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-indefinite shape -indefinite volume -particles widely seperated -particles moving rapidly |
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States of Matter Liquid State |
-indefinite shape -fixed volume -particles in close contact -particles (or clusters of particles) can move past one another. |
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States of Matter Solid State |
-Fixed shape -fixed volume -particles in close contact -particles vibrate around a central position |
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases |
Explains why: -gases have very slow density -gases are highly compressible -gases have no definite shape of volume -gases diffuse -gases exert a pressure -aersol cans explode when heated -gases never settle -gas particles tavel in straight lines between collisions
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Pressure |
-force exerted per unit of area
P=F/A
psi=lb/in2 |
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Pressure Units |
1 atmosphere (atm)= average atmospheric pressure at sea level.
1 atm= 760 mmHg 760 torr
1 torr= 1 mmHg 1 atm=29.92 inHg |
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Prssure Definitions |
Barometer- a device used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Manometer-a device used to measure gas pressure in a reaction vessel. |
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Gas Laws |
-Four Properties: volume (V) pressure (P) temperature (T) amount- mass or moles (n)
A gas law is a statement of an observed relationship among these four properties. |
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Gas Laws: Pressure-Volume Law |
Boyle's Law: Pressure-Volume Law For a constant amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of its container.
As V goes up, P goes down. P*V+constant P1V1=constant=P2V2
P1V1=P2V2 |
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Gas Laws: Volume-Temperature Law |
Charles's Law: Volume-Temperature Law For a fxed (constant) amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature.
As T goes up, V goes up. V=Tx constant V/T = constant
V1/T1=V2/T2 |
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Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law |
P1V1 P2V2 ______ = ________ T1 T2
**Temperature must be in Kelvin (K).
Use this to fine the new pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas when only the amount of gas (number of moles) is constant. |
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Gas Laws: Adovgadro's Hypothesis |
2 Consequences of Advogradro's Hypothesis: 1) We can define a standard molar volume- the volume occupied by one mole any gas at a certain temperature and pressure. 2) we can do stoichiometry for reaction components in the gas phase using rations of volumes rather than rations of moles. |
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Gas Laws: Advogradro's Hypothesis |
STP=Standard Temperature and PRessure for a gas.
Standard Temperature= 0*C or 273K Standard Pressure= 1atm or 760 torr As STP, the volume occupied by one mole of any gas.. 22.4 L/mol (Standard Molar Volume) |
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Gas Laws: Advogadro's Hypothesis |
If 2 gases have the same T and P, equal volumes contain equal moles.
Says: For a gas at a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles (n) of gas.
PV=nRT |
