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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Force that pulls nuclei apart
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electrostatic
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Force that holds nuclei together
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nuclear
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atomic
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bottom number- denotes how many protons in nucleus
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mass number
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upper number- how many protons and neutrons are in nucleus
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true or false
atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons |
true
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Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called ________
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Isotopes of one another. Do not differ in charge.
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What is Lavoisier know for?
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Developing the law of mass conservation.
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What is Proust known for?
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Proposed the law of definite proportions.
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What is Rutherford known for?
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Discoverd the atomic nucleus.
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Who discovered the neutron?
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Chadwick
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A combination of two protons and two neutrons=
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alpha particle
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beta particle
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electron ejected from a nucleus
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gamma ray
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no electric charge, no mass. Are an extremely energetic form of nonvisible light.
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What happens when an electron absorbs a photon of light and gains potential energy?
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the electron moves farther from the nucleus.
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The transformation from a solid to liquid is called____
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melting
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The transformation from a liquid to a gas is called____
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evaporation
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The transformation from a solid directly to a gas is called ___________
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sublimation (dry ice)
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The transformation from a gas to a liquid is called________
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condensation
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The lowest possible temperature any substance can have;the temp at which the atoms have no kinetic energy.
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absolute zero
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Energy due to motion.
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kinetic energy
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Are atoms made of molecules or are molecules made of atoms?
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Molecules are made of atoms.
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A kilogram is equal to how many grams?
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1,000 grams
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What do we call the energy an object has because of its motion?
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kinetic energy
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How are the particles in a solid arranged differently form those in a liquid?
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They are farther apart.
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How does the arrangement of particles in a gas differ from the arrangement in liquids and solids?
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The particles are farther apart.
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The units of density are a ratio of what two quantities?
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Mass and volume
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What happens to the density of a gas as it is compressed into a smaller volume?
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The particles are compressed together and the density increases.
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Formula for density
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density = mass/volume
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A change in which a substance changes its physical properties w/o changing its chemical properties.
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physical change
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During this kind of change, atoms in a substance are rearranged to give a new substance having a new chemical identity.
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Chemical change.
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A fundamental material consisting of only one type of atom.
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element
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A notation that uses the atomic symbol and (sometimes) a numerical subscript to denote how atoms are bonded in an element.
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elemental formula
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A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its properties.
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heterogeneous mixture
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A homogeneous mixture in which the various components are in different phases.
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suspension
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An element that is shiny, opague, and able to conduct electricity and heat.
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metal
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An element located toward the upper right of the periodic table that is neither metal nor a metalloid.
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nonmetal
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A horizontal row in the periodic table.
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period
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a vertical row in the periodic table.
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group
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A material in which atoms of different elements are bonded to one another.
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compound
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A mixture in which the components are so finely mixed that the composition is the same throughout.
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homogeneous mixture
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A homogeneous mixture in which all components are in the same phase.
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solution
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A homogeneous mixture in which the various components are in different phases.
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suspension
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Any group 1 element
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alkali
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Any group 2 element
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alkaline
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Any unreactive element
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noble gas
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How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure sample of any element?
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one
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What is the IUPAC systematic name for the compound KF?
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potassium fluoride
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What is the chemical formula for the compound titanium dioxide?
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TiO2
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