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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Correlational research
Research designed to examine the nature if the relationship between two measured variables.
Correlation coefficient
An index of the direction and magnitude of the relationship between two variables; the value of a correlation coefficient ranges from 21.00 to 11.00
Pearson correlation coefficient
The most commonly used measure of correlation.
Positive correlation
A direct relationship between two variables such that participants with high scores on one variable tend also to have high scores on the other variable, whereas low scorers on one variable tend also to score low on the other.
Negative correlation
An inverse relationship between two variables such that participants with high scores on one variable tend to have low scores on the other variable, and vice versa.
Scatter plot
A graphical representation of participants' scores on two variables; the values of one variable are plotted on the x-axis and those of the other variable are plotted on the y-axis.
Perfect correlation
A correlation of -1.00 or +1.00, indicating that two variables are so closely related that one can be perfectly predicted from the other.
Coefficient of determination
The square of the correlation coefficient; indicates the proportion of variance in one variable that can be accounted for by the other variable.
Statistical significance
A finding that is very unlikely to be due to error variance.
Directional hypothesis
A prediction that explicitly states the direction of a hypothesized effect; for example, a prediction of which two means will be larger.
Nondirectional hypothesis
A prediction that does not express the direction of a hypothesized effect--for example, which if two means will be larger.
Restricted range
A set of data in which participants' scores are confined to a narrow range of the possible scores.
Outlier
An extreme score; typically scores that fall farther than 3 standard deviations from the mean are considered outliers.
Partial correlation
The correlation between two variables with the influence of one or more other variables removed.
Spearman rank-order correlation
A correlation coefficient calculated on variables that are measures on an ordinal scale.
Phi coefficient
A statistic that expresses the correlation between two dichotomous variables.
Point biserial correlation
The correlation between a dichotomous and a continuous variable.