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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is education?
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system of roles and norms that ensures the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to the next p350
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What is schooling?
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instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies p350
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What is a hidden curriculum?
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transmission by schools of cultural goals that are not openly acknowedged p353
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What is tracking?
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assignment of students to different types of educational programs p353
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What is a charter school?
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alternative schools which are funded by public money but are privately operated p358
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What is school choice?
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a broad movement to provide alternatives to public school systems to which parents can choose to send their children p358
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What is homeschooling?
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education system in which a child's main education is undertaken by parents at home p360
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What is zero tolerance?
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a set of policies created to prevent school violence p361
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What is bilingual education?
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system of education in which non-English-speaking students are taught in their native languages until they are prepared to attend classes taught in English p361
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What is the view of education of the functionalist sociological perspective?
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Functionalist perspective - schools help maintain the stability and smooth operation of society
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What is the view of education of the conflict sociological perspective?
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Conflict perspective - the educational system serves to limit the potential of certain people and groups to gain power and social rewards
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What is the view of education of the interactionist sociological perspective?
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The interactionist perspective - students' educational achievement and success are shaped in part by teacher-student interactions
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How do the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views of tracking differ?
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Functionalists view tracking as a practical way to determine who will do the important work in society. Conflict sociologists view tracking as the means by which the wealthy and powerful maintain their position in society. Interactionists see tracking as a self-fulling prophecy.
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How do functionalist view tracking in education?
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Functionalists view tracking as a practical way to determine who will do the important work in society.
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How do conflict theorists view tracking in education?
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Conflict sociologists view tracking as the means by which the wealthy and powerful maintain their position in society.
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How do interactionist theorists view tracking in education?
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Interactionists see tracking as a self-fulling prophecy.
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What are some educational alternatives that have grown in popularity in the last few years?
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charter schools, vouchers, and homeschooling
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According to sociologists, what is meant by the term sacred?
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anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world and that inspires awe, respect, and reverence p362
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According to sociologists, what is meant by the term profane?
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anything considered to be part of the ordinary world and thus commonplace and familiar p362
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What is a religion?
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system of roles and norms organized around the sacred realm that binds people together in social groups p362
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What is a ritual?
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an established pattern of behavior through which a group of believers experience the sacred p364
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What is animism?
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belief system in which spirits are active in influencing human life p365
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What is shamanism?
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belief system in which spirits communicate only with one person acknowledged as a specialist p365
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What is totemism?
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belief in a knship between human and animals or natural objects p365
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What is theism?
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belief in a god or gods p365
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What is monotheism?
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belief in one god p365
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What is polytheism?
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belief in a number of gods p365
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What is ecclesia?
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type of religious organization in which all people in the society are members by virtue of their birth p365
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What is ethicalism?
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belief system in which moral principles have a sacred quality p365
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What is a denomination?
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a well-established religious organization in which a substantial portion of the population are members p363
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What is a sect?
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relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination because of doctrinal differences p366
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What basic needs does religion fill?
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Religion provides answers to the ultimate questions of life and death, gives meaning to human existence, and provides people with motivation for survival.
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What three basic elements do all religions have in common?
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rituals and symbols, belief systemss, and organizational structures
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What is a cult?
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religious group founded on the revelations of a person believed to have special knowledge p366
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What is religiosity?
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importance of religion in a person's life p370
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What is secular?
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non-religious p370
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What steps have educational authorities taken to curb violence and other criminal activities in schools?
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Schools have taken security measures (cameras, security guards), adopted zero tolerance policies, and begun teaching students how to resolve disputes.
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What are the major features of religion in the United States?
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The US is a haven for those seeking religious freedom, and, as a result, is religiously diverse. Americans have a respect for religion, and the separation of church and state is provided for in the US Constitution.
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How do schools foster the creation of new knowledge?
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Schools stimulate intellectual inquiry and develop the critical thinking skills needed to pursure and gain knowledge.
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What purpose does the separation of church and state serve in the United States?
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protects religious freedom by preventing the government from supporting or obstructing religious practice
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