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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Puberty |
Period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes; a process that takes about 4 years to complete; ends before adolescence does |
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Order of Male Pubertal Changes |
Increase in testicle size, then penis size; appearance of pubic hair; voice change; spermarche; onset of growth spurt; growth of armpit hair; facial hair growth |
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Spermarche |
First ejaculation |
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Order of Female Pubertal Changes |
Breast enlargement; appearance of pubic hair; appearance of armpit hair; height increase and hip width increase; menarche |
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Menarche |
First menstruation |
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Average age of initial height/weight growth spurt for boys |
Age 11 years |
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Average age of initial height/weight growth spurt for girls
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Age 9 years |
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Organ that triggers the pituitary gland to send signals to the adrenal glands and the gonads |
Hypothalamus |
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Hormone released by adrenals |
HGH (Human Growth Hormone) |
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Hormones released by the gonads |
Testosterone (males), Estrogen (females), and Progesterone (both) |
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Secular Trend |
Tendency for puberty to occur earlier with each generation |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
Eating disorder that involves the restriction of food, plus excessive measures to lose weight |
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Main characteristics of Anorexia |
Weighing less than 85% of what is considered normal for a person's age and height; having an intense fear of gaining weight; having a distorted image of one's body shape |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
Eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern |
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Characteristics of Bulimia |
Eating binges that last for hours and involve large amounts of food followed by vomiting, laxative use, enemas, etc.; preoccupation with food, fear of becoming overweight; depression; anxiety |
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Three Leading Causes of Death in Adolescents |
Motor vehicle accidents; homicide; suicide |
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Statistic of adolescents that are sexually experiences and that contract STDs |
1/4 |
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Country with one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the industrialized world |
United States |
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Risks of pregnancy during adolescence |
Health risks for mother and baby; infant low birth weight; infants with neurological problems and childhood illness; school-drop outs; inability to catch up economically to peers |
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Piaget's Fourth and Final Stage of Cognitive Development |
Formal Operational Thought |
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Cognitive gains during this stage |
Abstract thought; idealism; hypothetical thought; egocentrism |
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David Elkind's Three Components of Adolescent Egocentrism |
Imaginary audience; personal fable; invincibility fable |
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Erickson's Fifth Stage of Socioemotional Development |
Identity vs Identity confusion |
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Crisis |
The exploratory period of identity development |
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Commitment |
Personal investment in chosen identity |
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Marcia's Four Statuses of Identity |
Identity foreclosure; identity diffusion; identity moratorium; identity achievement |
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Identity Foreclosure |
Formation of and commitment to an identity based on the expectations of others |
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Identity Diffusion |
No interest in identity formation; no crisis nor commitments |
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Identity Moratorium |
Taking time to explore potential before forming identity; crisis before commitment |
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Identity Achievement |
Identity is determined and formed; crisis is resolved and commitment is made |
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Cliques |
Small groups of friends ranging from 2 to about 12; members are usually same-sex and about the same age; group develops and exclusive in-group identity |
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Crowds |
larger and less personal groups; membership is based on reputation; peers may or may not spend much time together |
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Peak age of peer pressure |
13 years, or Grades 6 -7 |
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Rite of Passage |
Ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another |
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Third-leading cause of death in adolescents 10 - 19 |
Suicide |
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Gender more likely to attempt suicide |
Female |
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Gender more likely to succeed at suicide |
Male |
