Chapters 7 And 9

Front 1

Diaphysis

Back 1

Shaft of long bone

Front 2

Medullary Cavity

Back 2

Marrow cavity of bone

Front 3

Epiphyses

Back 3

Two ends of long bone

Front 4

Spongy Bone

Back 4

Covered by more durable compact bone. Found in the end of long bones and the middle of others.

Front 5

Articular Cartilage

Back 5

Thing layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surface where one bone meets another. Provides frictionless surface for bones to adjoin to one another.

Front 6

Periosteum

Back 6

Covers bone except where articular cartilage is. Connective tissue membrane. Diaphysis is covered by this.

Front 7

Endosteum

Back 7

Thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining the marrow cavity

Front 8

Epiphyseal Plate

Back 8

Area of hyaline cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis. Enables growth in length.

Front 9

Epiphyseal Line

Back 9

A bone scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

Front 10

Osteoblasts

Back 10

Bone forming cells

Front 11

Osteocytes

Back 11

former osteoblasts that have become trapped within the bony tissue they produce. Nourish bone

Front 12

Osteoclasts

Back 12

Bone destroying. Secretes a substance that dissolves bones.

Front 13

Resorption Bays

Back 13

Pits on surface of bone where osteoclasts are found.

Front 14

Remodeling

Back 14

Results from combined action of the bones and dissolving osteoclasts and the bone forming osteoblasts

Front 15

Osteon

Back 15

The basic structural unit of compound bone.

Front 16

Canaliculi

Back 16

Cylinder of tissue around a central canal

Front 17

Perforating Canal

Back 17

Transverse or diagonal passage ways along the length of the osteon.

Front 18

Collagen protein fibers

Back 18

adds to flexibility of bones. Provides extra strength.

Front 19

Central Canal

Back 19

At the center of each osteon. Contains nerve and blood cells.

Front 20

Red bone marrow

Back 20

Where hemopoiesis occurs. Found in the spongy center of most bones. Where red and white blood cells and platelets are made.

Front 21

Yellow bone marrow

Back 21

Interior of diaphysis. Fatty. No longer produces blood.

Front 22

Intramembranous Ossification

Back 22

Produces the flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle. Takes place when osteoblasts migrate into membranes and form clusters called ossification centers.

Front 23

Endochondrial Ossification

Back 23

Occurs in long bones. Blood vessels grow into center of rod of hyaline cartilage. Osteoblasts develop within the membrane. Interior remains hollow.

Front 24

Primary Marrow Cavity

Back 24

Forms from blood and stem cells filling the hollow cavity.

Front 25

Secondary Ossification Center

Back 25

Forms by Chrondrocyte

Front 26

Interstitial Growth

Back 26

Bones increase in length. Bone elongation is a result of cartilage growth within the Epiphyseal plate.

Front 27

Appositional Growth

Back 27

Bones increase in width throughout life.

Front 28

Bone Remodeling

Back 28

Occurs throughout life. 10% per year. Repairs micro fractures, releases minerals into blood, reshapes bones in response to use and disuse

Front 29

HypoCalcemia

Back 29

Blood calcium defiency. Causes excess excitability of muscle, tremors, spasms and tetany.

Front 30

Hypercalcemia

Back 30

Blood calcium excess. sodium channels less responsive. sluggish

Front 31

Calcitriol

Back 31

A form of vitamin D Produced by the action of the skin, liver, and kidney.

Front 32

Calcitonin

Back 32

Secreted by c cells of the thyroid gland when calcium concentration rises too high.

Front 33

Trabeculae

Back 33

A thin plate or layer of tissue.

Front 34

Lamella

Back 34

A little plate

Front 35

Lacuna

Back 35

A small cavity or depression in a tissues such as bone, cartilage, and the erectile tissue

Front 36

Chondrocyte

Back 36

A cartilage cells. A former chondroblast that has become enclosed in a lacunae in the cartilage matrix

Front 37

Hemotoma

Back 37

A mass of clotted blood in the issues, forms a bruise when visible though the skin

Front 38

Osteoporosis

Back 38

the most common bone disease marked loss of bone density. Affects spongy bone the most.

Front 39

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 39

Found on the posterior surface of thyroid gland. Released when calcium blood levels are low. Raises level of calcium in the blood.

Front 40

Stress Fracture

Back 40

Break caused by application of excessive force to a bone.

Front 41

Pathological Fracture

Back 41

Break in a bone weakened by some other disease.

Front 42

Spiral/Transverse Fracture

Back 42

Direction of the fracture line

Front 43

Open/Closed

Back 43

Break in the skin

Front 44

Cominuted Fracture

Back 44

Multiple Pieces

Front 45

Granulation Tissue

Back 45

Soft fibrous mass produced by capillary and cellular invasion . 48 hours after injury

Front 46

Endosteum

Back 46

Thin layer of reticular connective tissue lines the internal marrow cavity, covers all the honeycombed surfaces of spongy bone and lines canal system in compact bone.

Front 47

Osteogenic Cells

Back 47

Stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchymal cells. Found in endosteum.