Chapters 5-8

Front 1

Sleep paralysis

Back 1

State of being unable to move after just falling or right before waking up cons

Front 2

Consciousness

Back 2

Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies our mental perspectives cut

Front 3

Circadian rhythm

Back 3

Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24hr basis in many biological processes (temperature, hormone release, brain waves)

Front 4

Biological clock

Back 4

Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus that's responsible for controlling our levels of alertness

Front 5

Stage 1 sleep

Back 5

-Last 5-10 min
-produces theta waves
-experience hypnagogic imagery(bizarre dreamlike images)
-myoclonic jerks(movement of limbs)
-confused

Front 6

Stage 2 sleep

Back 6

Eye movements increase
Body temp decreases
Muscles relax
-65% of sleep is spent here

Front 7

Stages 3&4 sleep

Back 7

Deep sleep
Children spend 40% of sleep here
Adults spend 1/4 of their sleep here

Front 8

Stage 5 REM sleep

Back 8

Stage of sleep when the brain is most active and has the most vivid dreams

Front 9

Lucid dreaming

Back 9

Becoming aware that one is dreaming

Front 10

Insomnia

Back 10

Difficulty falling and staying asleep

Front 11

Narcolepsy

Back 11

Rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep

Front 12

Sleep apnea

Back 12

Disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue

Front 13

Night terrors

Back 13

Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep

Front 14

Sleepwalking

Back 14

Walking while fully asleep(normally happens in children)

Front 15

Activation synthesis theory

Back 15

Theory that dreams reflect inputs from the brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

Front 16

Neurocognitive theory

Back 16

Theory that's dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities which shape what we dream about

Front 17

OBE

Back 17

Sense of our consciousness leaving our body

Front 18

Near death experience

Back 18

OBE reported by people who've nearly died or thought they were going to die

Front 19

Deja vu

Back 19

Feeling of reliving an experience that's new

Front 20

Mystical experience

Back 20

Feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often strong spiritual overtones

Front 21

Hypnosis

Front 22

Sociocognitive theory

Back 22

Approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's attitudes, beliefs, and expectations

Front 23

Dissociation theory

Back 23

Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated

Front 24

Psychoactive drug

Back 24

Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons

Front 25

Tolerance

Back 25

Reduction I the effect of a drugs a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same affect

Front 26

Withdrawal

Back 26

Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually

Front 27

Physical dependence

Back 27

Dependance on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Front 28

Psychological Dependance

Back 28

Dependance on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings

Front 29

Sedative

Back 29

Drug that exerts a calming effect

Front 30

Hypnotic

Back 30

Drug that exerts a sleep inducing effect

Front 31

Stimulant

Back 31

Drug that increases activity in the central nervous system including heart rate respiration and blood pressure

Front 32

Narcotic

Back 32

Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep

Front 33

Hallucinogenic

Back 33

Causing dramatic alterations of perception mood and thought

Front 34

Learning

Back 34

Change in an organism's behaviour or thought as a result of experience

Front 35

Habituation

Back 35

Process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli

Front 36

Pavlovian classical conditioning

Back 36

Form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response

Front 37

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 37

Stimulus that elicits an automatic response without prior conditioning

Front 38

Unconditioned response

Back 38

Automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus

Front 39

Conditioned response

Back 39

Response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus as a result of conditioning

Front 40

Conditioned stimulus

Back 40

Initially neutral stimulus which after conditioning elicits a condition response

Front 41

Acquisition

Back 41

Learning phase during which a conditioned response is established

Front 42

Extinction

Back 42

Gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

Front 43

Spontaneous recovery

Back 43

Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay following an extinction procedure

Front 44

Renewal effect

Back 44

Sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was acquired

Front 45

Stimulus generalization

Back 45

Process by which conditioned stimuli similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response

Front 46

Stimulus discrimination

Back 46

Process by which organisms display a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus

Front 47

Higher order conditioning

Back 47

Developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus

Front 48

Latent inhibition

Back 48

Difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to an already familiar stimulus

Front 49

Conditioned compensatory response

Back 49

A CR that is the opposite of the UCR and serves to compensate for the UCR

Front 50

Fetishism

Back 50

Sexual attraction to non living things

Front 51

Operant conditioning

Back 51

Learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behaviour