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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter |
Makes up everything, occupies volume of space, has mass |
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Pure substance |
A substance that contains only a single element or compound |
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Mixture |
A non chemical combination of two or more substances |
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Homogeneous |
Uniform mixture of particles of different substances that form a single phase |
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Heterogeneous |
Non-uniform mixture that contains two or more distinct phases, usually of different kinds of matter |
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States of matter |
Solid, liquid, and gas |
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Physical changes |
Any change that does not alter the composition of a substance or its nuclear properties |
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Chemical changes |
Any change in a substance that alters its composition |
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Nuclear changes |
The change in the energy or composition of an atoms nucleus when it emits or absorbs a particle or ray |
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System |
Distinct part of the universe, from elementary particles to galaxies, that we may want to study or measure. Separated from its surroundings by an actual or imaginary boundary |
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Frames of reference |
Geometric space containing the point of reference and coordinate axes from which a person observed or measures position and movement. |
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Inertial frame |
Systems move in straight lines or in simple curved paths caused by forces acting on the systems from within the frame of reference |
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Accelerated frame |
Observational point of view is not moving at a constant speed or direction |
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Rotational frame |
Special case of an accelerated reference frame |
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Interval |
A span of time during which we observe a phenomenon. We calculate an interval by subtracting the initial time from the final time |
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Kinematics |
The science of describing how things move. And involves the measurements and calculations of position, time, velocity, acceleration, and displacement without reference frame. |
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Motion |
A change of position during a time interval |
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Distance |
A positive scalar quantity that is the total linear dimension traveled by a moving object during a time interval. It may be the magnitude or displacement. |
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Speed [V] |
The rate of motion of the system. As with any rate, we express it as a change of position with time. |
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Acceleration |
The rate of change of velocity or speed of a system during a time interval |
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Force |
A push or pull on a system. |
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Newtons three laws 1- |
-an object at rest or Maine at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force -an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force |
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Newtons three laws 2 |
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass of the object being accelerated to greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the object |
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Newtons 3 laws 3 |
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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Inertia |
The tendency of any kind of matter to resist change in its motion. Mass is a measure of inertia. |
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Friction |
Contact force that opposes the movement of objects passed each other. |
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Law of universal gravitation |
Two bodies in the universe to attract each other with force that is directly proportional of their masses and are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. |
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Energy |
Ability to do work |
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Kinetic |
Energy of motion |
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Potential |
Energy that is stored energy of position energy of condition |
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Mechanical energy |
Energy due to physical position Potential/kinetic |
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Thermal energy |
The average some of the kinetic energy of all the particles in an object |
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Acoustic energy |
Transmission of energy through matter by particle associations that occur in specific directions |
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Electric energy |
Two objects of the same charge repel each other opposite charges attract |
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Magnetic energy |
Deals with ability to work with in a magnetic field |
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Radiant energy |
Energy that functions in a vacuum |
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Chemical energy |
Energy found with in chemical bonds Potential energy stored in bonds |
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Nuclear energy |
Energy found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Mass energy |
Energy equivalent to all the matter in the universe -greatest source of energy |
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Momentum |
A property of a moving system is proportional to its speed and mass |
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First law of thermodynamics |
Energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form |
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Collisions |
Two objects smash into each other |
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Elastic collision |
Two objects collide and rebound so that the sum of their momentum and the dum of their kinetic energies are the same before and after the collision |
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Partially elastic collision |
One or both objects in a collision system deform, some of the kinetic energy in the original objects is converted into heat |
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Inelastic collision |
Two colliding objects stick together after the collision |
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Matter diagram |
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