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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Matter

Makes up everything, occupies volume of space, has mass

Pure substance

A substance that contains only a single element or compound

Mixture

A non chemical combination of two or more substances

Homogeneous

Uniform mixture of particles of different substances that form a single phase

Heterogeneous

Non-uniform mixture that contains two or more distinct phases, usually of different kinds of matter

States of matter

Solid, liquid, and gas

Physical changes

Any change that does not alter the composition of a substance or its nuclear properties

Chemical changes

Any change in a substance that alters its composition

Nuclear changes

The change in the energy or composition of an atoms nucleus when it emits or absorbs a particle or ray

System

Distinct part of the universe, from elementary particles to galaxies, that we may want to study or measure. Separated from its surroundings by an actual or imaginary boundary

Frames of reference

Geometric space containing the point of reference and coordinate axes from which a person observed or measures position and movement.

Inertial frame

Systems move in straight lines or in simple curved paths caused by forces acting on the systems from within the frame of reference

Accelerated frame

Observational point of view is not moving at a constant speed or direction

Rotational frame

Special case of an accelerated reference frame

Interval

A span of time during which we observe a phenomenon. We calculate an interval by subtracting the initial time from the final time

Kinematics

The science of describing how things move. And involves the measurements and calculations of position, time, velocity, acceleration, and displacement without reference frame.

Motion

A change of position during a time interval

Distance

A positive scalar quantity that is the total linear dimension traveled by a moving object during a time interval. It may be the magnitude or displacement.

Speed [V]

The rate of motion of the system. As with any rate, we express it as a change of position with time.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity or speed of a system during a time interval

Force

A push or pull on a system.

Newtons three laws


1-

-an object at rest or Maine at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force


-an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newtons three laws


2

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass of the object being accelerated to greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the object

Newtons 3 laws


3

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Inertia

The tendency of any kind of matter to resist change in its motion. Mass is a measure of inertia.

Friction

Contact force that opposes the movement of objects passed each other.

Law of universal gravitation

Two bodies in the universe to attract each other with force that is directly proportional of their masses and are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Energy

Ability to do work

Kinetic

Energy of motion

Potential

Energy that is stored


energy of position


energy of condition

Mechanical energy

Energy due to physical position


Potential/kinetic

Thermal energy

The average some of the kinetic energy of all the particles in an object

Acoustic energy

Transmission of energy through matter by particle associations that occur in specific directions

Electric energy

Two objects of the same charge repel each other


opposite charges attract

Magnetic energy

Deals with ability to work with in a magnetic field

Radiant energy

Energy that functions in a vacuum

Chemical energy

Energy found with in chemical bonds


Potential energy stored in bonds

Nuclear energy

Energy found in the nucleus of an atom

Mass energy

Energy equivalent to all the matter in the universe


-greatest source of energy

Momentum

A property of a moving system is proportional to its speed and mass

First law of thermodynamics

Energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form

Collisions

Two objects smash into each other

Elastic collision

Two objects collide and rebound so that the sum of their momentum and the dum of their kinetic energies are the same before and after the collision

Partially elastic collision

One or both objects in a collision system deform, some of the kinetic energy in the original objects is converted into heat

Inelastic collision

Two colliding objects stick together after the collision

Matter diagram