Chapters 19, 20, & 21

Front 1

In an automatic processor, which of the following will not be found between the developer solution and the fixer solution.
-cross-over rack
-squeegee rollers
-guide plates
-entrance rollers

Back 1

entrance rollers

Front 2

Replenishment pumps are activated each time a film passes through ____.

Back 2

Entrance rollers

Front 3

The typical developer temperature range for a 90 second automatic processor is _____.

Back 3

92-96 F

Front 4

To prevent over replenishment, a 14 X 17 film size should be run through the processor _____.

Back 4

Crosswise

Front 5

If film has been properly stored and protected from extraneous fogging, the base-fog at the "toe" portion of the H&D curve should not exceed ____.

Back 5

0.22

Front 6

At a density level of 1.0 plus base fog, the H&D curve for film A lies to the left of that from film B. This means film ____ is faster.

Back 6

A

Front 7

What measurement is taken when the densitometer is located over the clear part of the image?

Back 7

Base plus fog

Front 8

Only silver halide crystals that contain _____ are reduced to metallic silver by the addition of the developer solution.

Back 8

The latent image

Front 9

In film processing chemistry, the fixer solution has the following pH:

Back 9

Acid

Front 10

What helps prevent oxidation of the developer?

Back 10

Preservative

Front 11

The functions of the fixer in film processing are

Back 11

Remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals, and harden the emulsion

Front 12

Exposed silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver by the ______ of the developer solution

Back 12

reducers

Front 13

The proper developer action will occur in a/an _______ solution

Back 13

alkaline

Front 14

The addition of restrainers in the developer solutions will tend to prevent the development of unexposed silver halide crystals, thus reducing _____.

Back 14

chemical fogging

Front 15

The stage of processing in which the latent image is converted into the manifest image is called _____

Back 15

development

Front 16

During automatic processing, solution carryover between the developer and fixer tanks is prevented by the ______

Back 16

squeegee rollers

Front 17

the instrument used to measure varying degrees of film exposure, particularly in quality assurance testing is a ______

Back 17

densitometer

Front 18

the best device used to give a predetermined exposure to a film in order to test its response to processing is called the ______

Back 18

sensitometer

Front 19

Film speed depends on the size of the silver halide crystals. The larger the crystals, the ______ the film

Back 19

Faster

Front 20

How should boxes of unexposed film be stored?

Back 20

Vertically

Front 21

Storage areas that may fog film would be

Back 21

too hot

Front 22

Extremely low humidity can lead to what?

Back 22

Static electrical discharge

Front 23

The latent image is the invisible image formed by the action of the x-rays and the ______

Back 23

crystals in the emulsion

Front 24

Small amounts of impurities are added to the silver halide crystals in the film, these are called _____

Back 24

sensitivity speck

Front 25

A typical film emulsion is composed of _______

Back 25

Gelatin and silver halide crystals

Front 26

The principle silver halide molecule found in modern radiographic film is _____

Back 26

silver bromide

Front 27

What is the outermost layer of the radiographic film called?

Back 27

Supercoat

Front 28

What type of film is designed to respond specifically to x-radiation and not to light emitted from intensifying screens?

Back 28

Direct exposure film

Front 29

the theory of latent image formation was first proposed in 1938 by _____

Back 29

Gurney and Mott

Front 30

Film should not be stored longer than _______

Back 30

45-60 Days

Front 31

The proper humidity for film storage is ______

Back 31

30-60%

Front 32

Film stored in high humidity will cause

Back 32

Condensation

Front 33

In reference to silver halide crystal size, the ______ the crystal the higher the resolution

Back 33

smaller

Front 34

in reference to emulsion layer thickness, the thicker the emulsion layer the _______the film speed

Back 34

faster

Front 35

Which portion of the characteristic curve represents the useful exposure range?

Back 35

Straight line portion

Front 36

The steeper the straight line portion of a characteristic curve for a particular film, the _____

Back 36

higher the contrast

Front 37

During automatic processing, the proper order of steps between fixation, drying, washing, and development is

Back 37

Development, fixation, washing, drying

Front 38

The principle cause of oxidation of the automatic developer solution is the exposure to _____

Back 38

air

Front 39

the major function of the clearing agent (fixer) is to remove _____ from the emulsion during processing

Back 39

unexposed silver halide crystals

Front 40

What is more likely to cause contamination of developer?
-over-replenishment
-underdevelopment
-developing too many films
-fixer splashed into developer

Back 40

fixer splashed into developer

Front 41

If films begin to yellow after being in storage for a long time, there might be a problem with which stage of the processing cycle?

Back 41

Fixation

Front 42

What system best achieves agitation, continuous mixing and filtration of the processing solutions?

Back 42

circulation system

Front 43

the evaluations of the response of film to exposure, processing, and conditions is called

Back 43

sensitometry

Front 44

What area of the curve represents the maximum level of density present on the film?

Back 44

Shoulder

Front 45

the measure of average gradient is also used to describe the ___ of the film

Back 45

latitude

Front 46

film speed is affected by which of the following?
-processing time
-solution temperature
-chemical activity
-all of the above

Back 46

all of the above

Front 47

the ability of a film to show detail is termed

Back 47

resolution

Front 48

The thicker the emulsion the _____ the film speed

Back 48

Faster

Front 49

Increased developer temperature will ____ film density

Back 49

increase

Front 50

The higher the average gradient the ____ the film contrast

Back 50

Higher

Front 51

The measure of average gradient is also used to describe the _____ of the flim

Back 51

contrast

Front 52

radiographic films that are capable of responding to a wide range of exposures to produce OD within the straight line portion of the curve are said to have _____ latitude

Back 52

Wide

Front 53

Narrow latitude films exhibit _____ contrast

Back 53

High

Front 54

Identify the order of the processor:
Tank 1-
Tank 2-
Tank 3-
Final stage-

Back 54

Tank 1- Developer
Tank 2- Fixer
Tank 3- Wash
Final stage- Dryer