Chapters 13-16

Front 1

What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous individuals?

Back 1

All of the gametes from a homozygote carry the same version of the gene while those of a heterozygote will differ.

Front 2

When constructing a Punnett square, the symbols on the outside of the boxes represent _______, while those inside the boxes represent _______.

Back 2

gametes, progeny

Front 3

True or false? The same phenotype can be produced by more than one genotype.

Back 3

True

Front 4

True or false? In diploid organisms, a dominant phenotype will only be expressed if the individual is homozygous dominant for that trait.

Back 4

False

Front 5

If an organism with the genotype AaBb produces gametes, what proportion of the gametes would be Bb?

Back 5

None

Front 6

Two mice are heterozygous for albinism (Aa) . The dominant allele (A) codes for normal pigmentation, and the recessive allele (a) codes for no pigmentation. What percentage of their offspring would have an albino phenotype?

Back 6

25

Front 7

A tall, purple-flowered pea plant (TtPp) is allowed to self-pollinate. (The recessive alleles code for short plants and white flowers.) The phenotypic ratio of the resulting offspring is 9:3:3:1. What is the genotype of the plant whose phenotype appeared once out of every 16 offspring (the "1" in the 9:3:3:1 ratio)?

Back 7

ttpp

Front 8

What process is responsible for the independent assortment of alleles?

Back 8

Meiosis

Front 9

How do cells acquire homologous chromosome pairs that carry the alleles that are independently assorted?

Back 9

Fusion of gametes

Front 10

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the process of independent assortment?

Back 10

Alleles of different genes segregate from one another in a random manner.

Front 11

True or false? The principle of independent assortment is best illustrated by events that take place during metaphase II, during which sister chromatids segregate independently of each other.

Back 11

False

Front 12

How many genetically unique types of gametes could be produced by an individual with the genotype RrYY?

Back 12

Two

Front 13

Which of the following parental genotypes would yield a 1:1:1:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Back 13

AaBb, aabb

Front 14

What catalyzes DNA synthesis?

Back 14

DNA polymerase

Front 15

Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true?

Back 15

Primers are short sequences that allow the initiation of DNA synthesis.

Front 16

Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

Back 16

Phosphate groups

Front 17

Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?

Back 17

Primase

Front 18

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments in E. coli is true?

Back 18

They are formed on the lagging strand of DNA.

Front 19

Which of the following enzymes is important for relieving the tension in a helix as it unwinds during DNA synthesis?

Back 19

Topoisomerase

Front 20

True or false? Single-stranded DNA molecules are said to be antiparallel when they are lined up next to each other but oriented in opposite directions.

Back 20

True

Front 21

True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.

Back 21

False

Front 22

Which of the following statements about mutations is false?

Back 22

A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein.

Front 23

If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred?

Back 23

Deletion

Front 24

Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?

Back 24

One addition and one deletion mutation.

Front 25

If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein?

Back 25

Two

Front 26

If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred?

Back 26

An addition mutation and a deletion mutation.

Front 27

What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?

Back 27

Transcription

Front 28

DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?

Back 28

Organelles

Front 29

Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?

Back 29

A nontranscribed sequence on the DNA

Front 30

Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?

Back 30

The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.

Front 31

What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?

Back 31

Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides

Front 32

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?

Back 32

Complementary

Front 33

What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?

Back 33

It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.

Front 34

Where does translation take place?

Back 34

Ribosome

Front 35

Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?

Back 35

mRNA

Front 36

Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification?

Back 36

Phosphorylation

Front 37

Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation?

Back 37

The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.

Front 38

At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?

Back 38

A-site

Front 39

What is meant by translocation?

Back 39

The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA.

Front 40

True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.

Back 40

False