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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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worked the land and provided fees and services to the lord.
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serfs/ peasants
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city of God.
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cathedral
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self inflicted punishment for sins (whipping).
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flagellanti
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Coinage transfer rates.
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bills of exchange
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eliminated cash.
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letters of credit
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church sin, lending money with interest
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usury
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Norman victory, William declares England his property.
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Battle of Hastings
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first census since Roman times.
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Domesday book
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group of loyal people, usually 12 neighbors of the accused.
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jury
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no taxation without representation, jury trials, and protection of the law are in this document.
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magna carta
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English used longbows to destroy the French in this battle.
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battle of Crecy
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medieval period.
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Middle Ages
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Germanic people who held power in the Roman province of Gaul.
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Franks
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Church built religious community.
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Monastery
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worldly.
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secular
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dynasty of Frankish rulers.
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Carolingian Dynasty
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Charles the Great, son of Pepin the Short, ruled the Frankish kingdom.
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Charlemagne
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landowner who offered protection for the return of services.
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lord
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granted land by a lord.
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fief
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person receiving a fief.
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vassal
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armored cavalry who pledged to defend his lord’s lands in exchange for fiefs.
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knight
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people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born.
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serf
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agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs.
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manor
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church tax received by the village priest, 1/10th of income.
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tithe
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code of complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of 3 masters.
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chivalry
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mock battle with knights that paid huge ransoms for the defeated.
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tournament
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traveling poet-musician at the castles and courts of Europe.
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troubadour
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bishops and priests.
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clergy
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important religious ceremony, helped people attain salvation.
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sacrament
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church law.
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canon law
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German-Italian empire created under Otto.
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Holy Roman Empire
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ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials.
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Lay Investiture
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practice of bishops selling Church positions.
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simony
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style of architecture where cathedrals thrust upward towards the heavens.
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gothic
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pope who called for a Crusade.
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Urban II
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“holy war.”
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Crusade
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Muslim leader who defeats Christians.
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Saladin
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English king who fought Saladin alone.
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Richard the Lion-Hearted
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Spanish word for Crusade to reconquer land from the Muslims.
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Reconquista
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Spanish court to suppress heresy.
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inquisition
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farmers grew crops on 2/3 of land instead of just half of it.
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Three-field system
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craftspeople organized into business associations.
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guild
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expansion of trade and business.
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Commercial Revolution
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merchant-class town dwellers.
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Burgher
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everyday language of their homeland.
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vernacular
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proof by logical argument.
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Thomas Aquinas
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schoolmen.
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scholastics
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duke of Normandy, Norman Conquest.
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William the Conqueror
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English king.
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Henry II
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unified English body of law.
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Common Law
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most celebrated document in English history.
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Magna Carta
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governing body that makes England’s laws, created by Edward I.
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Parliament
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established new Capetian dynasty of French kings.
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Hugh Capet
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powerful Capetian who greatly increased the territory of France.
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Phillip II
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meeting of representatives from the 3 estates.
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Estates-General
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city where Pope Clement V lived.
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Avignon
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division in the church.
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Great Schism
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preached that Jesus Christ was head of the Church, not the pope.
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John Wycliffe
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taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than the pope.
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Jan Hus
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deadly disease aka Black Death, killed 1/3 of population in Europe.
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Bubonic Plague
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England vs. France marked the end of Medieval Society.
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Hundred Years’ War
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had visions and heard voices to rescue France and give the crown to France’s king, was burned at the stake for witchcraft.
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Joan of Arc
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