Chapters 11-14 Pol Sci

Front 1

Prior Restraint

Back 1

Censorship imposed before a speech is made or newspaper published. usually presumed to be unconstitutional

Front 2

Unprotected speech

Back 2

Libel, obscenity, fighting words, and commercial speech, which are not entitled to consitutional protection in all circumstances

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Libel

Back 3

Written defamation of another person.

Front 4

Fighting words

Back 4

Words that by their nvery nature inflict injury on those to whom they are addressed or incite them to acts of violence.

Front 5

Commercial Speech

Back 5

Advertisements and commercials for products and servicses. They receive less first amendment protection, primarily to discourage false and misleading ads.

Front 6

Civil Disobedience

Back 6

Deliberate refusal to obey a law or comply with the orders of public officials as a means of expressing opposition

Front 7

Property rights

Back 7

the rights of an individual to own, use, rent, invest in, buy, and sell property

Front 8

eminent domain

Back 8

power of government to take private property for public use. constitution gives governments this power but requires them to provide just compensation.

Front 9

regulatory taking

Back 9

a government regulation that effectively takes land by restricting its use, even if it remains in the owner's name

Front 10

due process

Back 10

established rules and regulations that restrain government officials.

Front 11

procedural due process

Back 11

constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods, limits how government may exercise power

Front 12

substantive due process

Back 12

requirement that governments act reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits what a government may do

Front 13

Roe v. Wade

Back 13

(1973) - Right to privacy about abortion. 3 trimester rule. 1st women has right to privacy, goes fromt here.

Front 14

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Back 14

(1992) - reaffirmed roe v. wade. got rid of the trimester rules and gave states powerto make regulations on it.

Front 15

search warrant

Back 15

allows police to search a house, must have probable cause.

Front 16

Exclusionary rules

Back 16

requirement that evidence unconstitutionally or illegaly obtained be excluded from a criminal trial

Front 17

Miranda v. Arizon

Back 17

(1966) - gave suspects tons of rights.. right to remain silent all that jazz

Front 18

grand jury

Back 18

12-23 people, privately hear evidence presented by government determining whether perople should be required to stand trial

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Petit jury

Back 19

-12 people determining guilt or innocence in a civil or criminal action

Front 20

Indictment

Back 20

formal written statement from a grand jury charging an individual with an offense - true bill

Front 21

Double jeopardy

Back 21

Trial or punishment for same crime by same government forbidden by constitution

Front 22

Civil Rights

Back 22

rights of all people to be free from irrational discrimination such as that based on race, religion, gender, or ethnic origin.

Front 23

Natural Rights

Back 23

Rights of all people to dignity and worth, also called human rights

Front 24

Affirmative action

Back 24

Remedial action designed to overcome the effects of discrimination against minorities and women

Front 25

Naturalization

Back 25

Legal action conferring citizenship on an alien

Front 26

Right of expatriation

Back 26

riht to renounce one's citizenhip

Front 27

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 27

(1954) - SC prohibited racially segregated public schools

Front 28

Seneca falls women's rights convention

Back 28

(1848)

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19th amendment

Back 29

1920 - women won right to vote

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Equal Protection Clause

Back 30

Clause in 14th amendment forbidding states to deny person within jurisdiction equal protection of the laws. anti-discrimination

Front 31

Due Process Clause

Back 31

In 5th amendment, limiting national government from depriving anyone of rights no matter what race, skin, etc.

Front 32

Dejure Segregation

Back 32

segregation by law

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Defacto segregation

Back 33

segregation by choice

Front 34

Literacy tests

Back 34

were used to halt people from voting if they couldn't write, now illegal

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White primary

Back 35

limited to white people, democratic party primary

Front 36

Racial gerrymandering

Back 36

drawing of election districts to ensure that members of a certain race are a minority in district - unconstitutional

Front 37

poll tax

Back 37

tax required to vote - unconstitutional

Front 38

Jim Crow Laws

Back 38

state laws formerly pervasive throughout the south requiring public facilities and accomodations to be segregated by race - ruled unconstitutional

Front 39

Brown v. Board of education

Back 39

1954 - overruled plessy v. ferguson saying segregation is itself discrimination

Front 40

Iron Triangle

Back 40

policy making instrument composed of tightly related alliance of congressional committee, interest roups and federal department or agency

Front 41

Issue network

Back 41

policy-making instrument composed of loosely related interested groups, etc.

Front 42

regulation

Back 42

policy that encourages or discourages certain behavior by imposing a legally binding rule

Front 43

rule

Back 43

precise statement of how a law is implemented

Front 44

Fiscal Policy

Back 44

Government policy that attempts to manage economy by controlling taxing and spending

Front 45

Monetary Policy

Back 45

Government policy that attempts to manage economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates

Front 46

Inflation

Back 46

rise in price level and decrease in dollar value

Front 47

Stagflation

Back 47

economic slowdown and rise in prices

Front 48

excise tax

Back 48

consumer tax on specific kind of merchandise, such as tobacco

Front 49

budget deficit

Back 49

condition that exists when federal government raises less revenue than it spends

Front 50

tariff

Back 50

tax levied on imports to help protect nations from foreign competition

Front 51

National debt

Back 51

amount fed gov. has borrowed thoughout the years

Front 52

Office of Management and Budget

Back 52

OMB - presidential staff agency that serves as clearinghouse for budgetary requests and management improvements for government agencies

Front 53

Congressional Budget Office

Back 53

CBO - agency of congress that analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates costs of proposed legislation

Front 54

Federal Reserve System

Back 54

established by congress in 1913 12 regional banks

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Federal Funds rate

Back 55

amount of interest banks charge for loans to eachother

Front 56

Laissez - faire - economics

Back 56

a theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property

Front 57

Keynesian Economics

Back 57

Government spending should be increased during slumps and curbed during booms

Front 58

NAFTA

Back 58

formed in 1992 - us, canada, mexico, free trade zone, largest in worlds

Front 59

trust

Back 59

monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition

Front 60

collective bargaining

Back 60

reps of nion and employer determine wages, hours, and other conditions of employment

Front 61

closed shop

Back 61

company with labor agreement under which union membership is a condition of employment

Front 62

union shop

Back 62

company in which new employees must join a union within a stated time period

Front 63

deregulation

Back 63

policy promoting cutbacks in amount of federal regulation in specific areas of economic activity